Learning Characteristics Of Non-native Speakers †Education Essay

Learning Characteristics Of Non-native Speakers – Education Essay Free Online Research Papers Learning Characteristics Of Non-native Speakers Education Essay During the 1920s to the 1960s, students who were second language learners usually had to â€Å"sink or swim† in class since teachers thought that ELL students would learn content area material through their experiences in the classroom. It’s not until recent years that general education teachers realize that ELL students do not learn the same way as their native speaking English classmates because of their lack of English proficiency. (Brown, 2003) One of the factors that affect how ELLs learn is age and there are also several factors such as gender, L1 literacy, social context, and personality. In this term paper I will discuss how age and personality affect second language acquisition and the factors can be used in the language classroom to facilitate second language acquisition. Age and Second Language Acquisition: How age affects second language acquisition is an interesting topic for most of the educators who have to develop appropriate curriculum and instructional strategies for immigrant students of different age. Some educator such as Chipongian (2000) believe† younger is better in the long run† but some educators think the opposite. The researchers who believe that younger children can acquire second language easier than adults attribute this to the human â€Å"critical period†. What is Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH)? A critical period was originally postulated by Lenneberg in 1967 for first language acquisition and the CPH is a biological determined period from birth to puberty during which the language acquisition is easier. Pathologists’ studies that child who failed before puberty to acquire their first language may lack adequate linguistic competence. This is because by the age thirteen to fifteen, â€Å"our cerebral hemispheres functions separate and become set which makes the language acquisition extremely difficult†. (Lenneberg, 1967) Jean Piaget outlined the intellecture development in a child through different stages: (Douglas Brown, 2000, P.61) Sensorimotor stage birth to two Preoperational stage ages two to seven Operation stage ages seven to sixteen A. Concrete operational stage ages seven to eleven B. Formal operational stage ages eleven to sixteen In Piaget’s outline, the affects of age on second language acquisition appear to occur at puberty which is between the ages eleven to sixteen. At this stage, a person becomes capable of abstraction which is formal thinking of concrete experience in life. As first language acquisition, second language researchers assumed that second language acquisition has a critical time which is below puberty and children who want to succeed in learning a second language should start before this critical period of time. But some educators like John T. Bruer argued that â€Å"we always pay too much attention on when learning languages occur and too little attention on how learning might best occur† in his book The Myth of the First Three Years. (Chipongian 2000, P.1) These second language researchers suggest that â€Å"early start learning in a second language is neither a strict necessary nor a sufficient condition for the attainment of native-like proficiency†. (Chipongian 2000) They believe that timing is not everything. Studies have shown that there is almost five percent of adult bilinguals master a second language even though they are over the age of puberty. Researchers assume that the only aspect of language that has an effect following the critical period is accent. Second language learners who are above the puberty stage are unable to acquire a native-like accent. But we know second language learners still can master a second language with a foreign accent since phonological acquisition is not the only thing that we learn from a second language. We also have to consider with morphology, syntax, and grammatical structure. As Douglas Brown mentioned in his book â€Å"the acquisition of the communicative and functional purpose of language is, in the most circumstances, far more important than a perfect native accent.† (Douglas Brown, 2000, P.) â€Å"Many research studies have found that a wide variety of skills and learning strategies that are developed in L1 reading and writing can have positive transfer to L2 reading and writing† (Ovando, 2003, p.130). The acquisition of the grammar and syntax of a second language are influenced by the first language knowledge instead of the learner’s critical period. For instance, a Chinese ELL student may be confused in verb transitivity, such as â€Å"I am run.† since Chinese doesn’t have the â€Å"ing† action verb tense. There is also no point at which vocabulary acquisition can be predicted to cease as Lisa (2000) mentioned in her article that â€Å"how we process our vocabulary does not change with brain maturation if it were a form of time-limited and it is influenced by a learner’s experience-expectant learning.† As I mentioned before some researchers believe younger is better in learning second language but some had found that older learners have more advantages in acquiring second language because of their conscious awareness of language and ability to formalize linguistic rules, especially in production tasks which are speaking and writing. Personality and Second Language Acquisition: Personality can also affect second language acquisition and in combination with living environment, personality can act to stop or to encourage students to learn second language. There several different types of personalities that students possess: Self-Esteem: Self-esteem has been shown to be related to second language achievement. Krashen(1981) mentioned the relationship between self-esteem and oral production in ESL performs. A person with higher self-esteem tends to achieve better than those because the person would not feel embarrass if they make mistakes. However, if teachers try to correct mistakes from those students with introvert personality, teachers need to properly correct them without embarrassing them in front of other peers. For example, if Mary says† I go to school with my sister yesterday,† the teacher would respond, You went to the store with your sister yesterday? She has effectively provided corrected input while also continuing the conversation. If a student shuts down after an outright correction then opportunity for more input and practice has been lost. Risk-Taking: Risk-taking is an important characteristic of successful in learning a second language. According to Brown(2002), â€Å"learners have to be able to gamble a bit, to be willing to try out hunches about the language and take the risk of being wrong.† (p.149) Risk-taking seems to be a closely connected to a self-esteem factor. For those who have extrovert personality students, their ability to learn a second language is much quicker than introvert students because they have a higher self-esteem. Anxiety: William Twyford (1988) mentioned that â€Å"Ease in acquiring a second language has also been linked to a low level of anxiety†. (P.6) Anxiety is a kind of feeling with worry or self-doubt and people can predicate it. Anxiety is also as important as self-confident for a second language learner and in Brown (2002) mentioned â€Å"three components of foreign language anxiety have been identified as followed: 1. communication apprehension, arising from learners’ inability to adequately express mature thoughts and ideas; 2. fear of negative social evaluation, arising from a learner’s need to make a Positive social impression on others; and 3. test anxiety, or apprehension over academic evaluation. (p.151) According to Fishbein (2000), besides the different types of anxiety various, there are also different stages of anxiety. The three different stages of anxiety are before, during and after. In the before stage, the person would have anxiety on the anticipation of the event. In the during stage of anxiety attack, the person will be self aware of the event that is accuracy at the moment. In the after stage of the anxiety, the person would be concerned about the result of the event. In language acquisition, every foreign student has different levels of anxiety barriers due to the various types of personalities. However, the comparison of older learners to younger learners when it comes to second language acquisition will vary due to the fact that older learners will be more self aware of themselves than younger learners. Older people’s self awareness is higher than younger learners and because the self awareness is higher, they will understand their personalities better than once they are more self aware of themselves. Classroom Instructions: Knowing the factors of age and personalities has an affect on language acquisition; it’s easier to come up with a classroom instruction that will provide a more comfortable environment for the second language learners. Ovando (2003) emphasizes the importance of activities that â€Å"help students get to know each other, build a positive sense of team identity, accept individual differences, provide mutual support, and develop a sense of synergy.† (P.96) Therefore, in order to come up with classroom instructions that will benefit second language learners, the teacher will need to give specific instructions for classroom assignments or activities. Some of the classroom activities could be group oriented, where the classroom is split up into groups of three to five students of various cultural background and abilities. Since the group will consist of students with various cultural background and abilities, it will help build up their self-esteems because students in each group will have different roles in activities. The different roles that students contribute in the classroom activities gives students the opportunities to be part of a group in which the students might not contribute if it were just classroom discussions. Also one of the activities that the facilitators can use to build up students self-esteem that has various culture backgrounds is that through out the years, students could present about the different culture holiday s. When students present about their own heritages, they might feel more comfortable since it’s their own background. Conclusion: In order to help second language learners fit into academic learning environment, educators have a lot of work to do. Researches have shown that age and personalities play a major role in shaping a learner. According to different types of second language learners, educators need to build up different kinds of learning instructions because different age groups and different learner’s personalities needs different instructions. For example, if second language learner who has a shy personality, he would shy away in the classroom discussion and not participate as much. Educators need to put students with shy personality into a smaller group in order for him to be a little more comfortable in discussions. In contrary, outgoing students can play a role to assist students with shy personality to be more assertive in discussions. Once the student with shy personality is comfortable in small group setting, it will give them more opportunity in class discussions. Therefore, educators need to take the time and effort to understand each student and construct instruction according to the different types of learners in the classroom. By understanding each of the students’ different learning style, it is only the first step in having a successful classroom. Reference: Brown C. (2003). â€Å"Who is responsible for English-Language learners? A case study from a third-grade classroom.† Academic Exchange-EXTRA: asstudents.unco.edu/students/AE-Extra/2003/2/Art-2.html Fishbein J. R (2000). Unsure How to Prevent or Respond to Anxiety Attack. Emotional first aid. johnfishbein.com/anxiety.barrier6.htm H.Douglas Brown. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching. White Plains, NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Krashen S D.,(1980). Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. Pergamon Press Inc. Lenneberg, E. (1967). Biological Foundations of Language. New York: John Wiley Sons. Lisa Chipongian.(2000).Is there a critical period for learning a foreign language?. Scientific Learning Website Ovando, C., Collier V., Combs, M. (2003). Bilingual and ESL classroom. New York,NY: McGraw Hill William T.C. (1988). Age-Related Factors in Second Language Acquisition. New Focus. ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/classics/focus/02bage.htm Research Papers on Learning Characteristics Of Non-native Speakers - Education EssayStandardized TestingAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoQuebec and CanadaOpen Architechture a white paper19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is Art

Welch on “Winning” through Candor Essay Essay Example

Welch on â€Å"Winning† through Candor Essay Essay Example Welch on â€Å"Winning† through Candor Essay Essay Welch on â€Å"Winning† through Candor Essay Essay Kreitner and Kinicki ( 2008 ) insist on the significance of value driven leading in direction as the make up ones minding factor in what will take to a big company’s success. The fact that more than 30 % of Fortune 500 companies are being forced to allow travel of 1000s of employees in the States. leads the writers to set up a diverse array of leading theoretical accounts that can turn to the complex nature of the relationship between success and leading. Jack Welch does the same ; in his work â€Å"Winning. † he dissects the intricate waies and impedes to happening success in corporate leading. Of the many paradoxes he confronts. he argues that ‘lack of candor’ is the biggest dirty small secret in large concern. Welch’s place on this subject is really similar to Kreitner and Kinicki’s in that all three writers promote the pattern of healthy free-flowing consecutive communicating as one of the more cardinal tactics to running a successful organisation. The demand for honorable communicating in leading has lead to what companies call forming for socialisation. which fundamentally entails acquiring the company ready for the execution of a cognition group ( Kreitner and Kinicki. 2008 ) . Welch opens chapter two of â€Å"Winning† by placing fairness as the chief obstruction forestalling originative thoughts from come uping. He argues this is due to a common status of human nature for people to avoid fairness in order to be liked. He says. that the ‘make or brake importance of fairness is comparatively new to the concern universe. He cites that fairness gets more people involved in the conversation taking a corporate squads to being thought rich. giving them an immediate advantage over their competition. He says that fairness generates speed by seting thoughts in everyone’s face leting them to be evaluated and acted on quickly. Finally. he argues that fairness cuts costs by relieving the demand for long drawn out PowerPoint presentations. and cutting to the nucleus of issues as opposed to dancing around them. Welch besides exhaustively evaluates the disposition of people to avoid the usage of fairness in concern when he mentions an event that occurred while he was at a party. he says. What happened at a suburban cocktail party we attended last hebdomad is authoritative. over white vino and sushi axial rotations. one adult female standing in a bunch of five others started keening the atrocious emphasis being endured by the local simple school’s music instructor. other invitees chimed in. all holding that 4th graders were plenty to direct you to the insane refuge. Fortunately. merely before the music instructor was canonized. another invitee entered the conversation stating. ‘are you guys brainsick that teacher gets 15 hebdomads a twelvemonth away. She pointed to the physician standing in the circle who had been nodding off in understanding. â€Å"Robert† she said. â€Å"you make life or decease determinations every twenty-four hours. certainly you don’t purchase this sad narrative make you? † ( Welch 2005. chp2 ) Welch points out how the terminal consequence of the guest’s usage of fairness leads to fazing the group and sends them dispersing to the saloon. Welch uses this illustration to demo why people avoid utilizing fairness. Welch’s chief place on fairness and its usage in direction is that it allows for people in corporations to cognize realistically where they stand. By non being excessively nice and protecting employees who underperform. by non entertaining little talk but engaging in existent conversations one is seting the art of fairness in pattern. Acknowledging and apprehension of fairness involves the survey of human nature. Welch discusses this complex with acclaimed philosophers from different universities to happen that the chief motivation behind a deficiency of fairness in the concern universe is a fright of perplexing one’s circumstance by earning bitterness from those you openly justice. Welch argues that the usage of fairness becomes even more hard when affecting in a conference meeting with a company that has high net income borders. but could make better ( Welch. 2005 ) . He says there is an unexpressed apprehension among conference workers that ‘if you don’t challenge mine. I won’t challenge yours. ’ Welch states the lone manner to counter this type of relationship is to carefully lavish the directors with gratitude for their success. but to ‘poke around in a nonthreatening way’ by inquiring inquiries that promote enlargement and growing in the industry ( Welch. 2005 ) . Welch closes his statement on fairness by fundamentally stating it works because it un-clutters and with the overactive flow of information due to the cyberspace through. efficient and honest communicating among direction and between employees is critical. The enlargement of the cyberspace. and other engineerings that enhance communicating. have unwittingly led corporations to be within a planetary market that require them to be omnisciently connected to the of all time altering involvements of their consumers. Candor has become understood as an priceless factor for corporate success. The extent to which it’s practiced really frequently signifies how long a company will remain in concern ( Welch. 2005 ) . It is besides frequently deemed as a conducive necessity of strategic direction. This built-in relationship between fairness and strategic direction has incited corporations to develop cognition based squads. And. it is the direct consequence of promotions in engineering and the information age. Knowledge has become the most priceless installation any corporation can hold. and therefore the modern-day usage of fairness in corporations is deemed by many corporate theoreticians about as a signifier of cognition based care. and the turning away of this valuable doctrine can be damaging to a company’s success as Welch demonstrates with many different concern theoretical accounts ( 2005 ) . To show the advantages of fairness and the booby traps its usage can avoid. Welch mentions the particulars of the Enron dirt. He states that Enron’s concern hazards stemmed from interceding investings of possible energy contracts. The jobs arose when White House stepped out of this arbitral place and began come ining into contracts with purchasers and Sellerss of energy ( Welch. m 2005 ) . Covering with contracts that extended into abroad markets. specifically Europe. the concern hazards increased and finally reached a climactic high when the company worked as an mediator on web provider contracts. and started a trade good gross revenues site. Enron’s act of overstraining its resources involved the company in planetary energy undertakings. and made them of all time more likely to bring forth misstatements as many of these investings were destined to default. despite the fact that Enron White House had already set their sights on demoing a ageless growing in their stock. The autumn of Enron could hold merely been averted from an early phase. but it could hold really easy been prevented ( Welch. 2005 ) . The corrupt minutess with the SPE could hold been investigated. The board of managers is the concluding cheque point before the executives post their fiscal studies. so finally the board is responsible for non catching the misrepresentation. By non using their audit commission. the board failed to keep the unity of the company. In the terminal the full incident could hold been avoided if the SPE was neer formed. which is studies showed was an unexpressed belief among much of staff and had they exercised the usage of fairness this place would hold surfaced. Welch points out the value of communicating and the subjects required to carryout the needful interactions to keep successful cognition acquisition ( Welch 2005. chp2 ) . Within understanding the subjects involved in communicating. there is besides bring forthing understanding and advanced consequences from these interactions. Welch feels these advanced consequences rely on errors within the cognition squad. This is why ‘mucking around’ is portion of his doctrine. Welch fundamentally describes mucking about as the corporations tolerance for experimentation. He gets the name from a squad organized by Edison called the muckers this group was specifically designed to experiment and do errors. The modern-day illustration Welch uses to back up this thought is Disney’s Gong Show. in which amateurs display their endowments and Judgess can hit a tam-tam to halt the shows that don’t entreaty to them ( 2005 ) . On top of being a cult authoritative for Disney. this show besides helps the company asses what is entertaining to their viewing audiences and what isn’t. This facet of fairness use connects closely with Welch’s place on distinction in which he argues placing people who carry their weight and those who don’t. and doing this cognition populace through honoring the outstanding employees is critical for a company’s success. There is no manner to openly make this without the usage of fairness. In amount. free-flowing communicating where people say what they mean in the corporate universe can take to great success. Kreitner. Kinicki and Welch all agree on this point. They find the sarcasm of the deficiency of fairness in corporations. specifically in the higher grades of managerial leadings. is that consecutive talk is avoided due to a fright of being unpopular. This fright was so devout during the industrial epoch that there was a forced niceness used by many American industries like Ford and the steel Industry. Welch shows how the wont of avoiding confrontations led to a ‘courteous remoteness’ where companies chose to salvage face as opposed to cover with critical issues. The illustration he uses is when the Steel workers brotherhood demanded higher rewards. the Steel industry granted them their petition ; but alternatively of opening duologues to happen more advanced methods to accrue the gross. they merely transferred the cost of the rewards over to the automotive industry. who in bend transferred them over to the consumer. Welch’s run for the usage of fairness in direction discoveries it’s bearings when he points out how when the Eastern automotive industry through advanced thought developed much more low-cost cars and devastated the U. S. uncovering the failings in their concern tactics through their deficiency of communicating in leading. Finally. Welch establishes without a uncertainty that a corporation that fails to utilize fairness in direction is no better than a sinking ship waiting for the inevitable unless it grows willing to alter. Work Cited Kinicki. A. . A ; Kreitner. R. ( 2008 ) . Organizational Behavior. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Welch. J. . A ; Welch. S. ( 2005 ) . Wining. New York: HarperBusiness.

Essay Sample on Changing The Notions of Change

Essay Sample on Changing The Notions of Change Change is an ongoing process that involves the alternation of one state to another. However, the way individuals respond to that change is largely determined by their perspective, of how they see and understand things as well as their underlining psychological, social and ideological constructions. The process of change may be spontaneous and it involves pre-change, catalyst and outcomes. In studying â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† by Melina Marchetta, this concept of change is shaped in terms of the central character Josie’s experience and lessons. Not only that, this universal theme is also observable in texts as diverse as â€Å"The Door† by Miroslav Holub, â€Å"American History X† by David McKenna, â€Å"My father began as a god† by Ian Mundie and â€Å"Student finds enlightenment in an embrace with her heritage†, an article out of the SMH written by Cynthia Banham. Collectively, various composers utilise a range of textual forms as well as stylistic techniques to convey the notions of change. Initially, the protagonist Josie of â€Å"LFA† takes a melancholic stance towards her position in the society. Her psychology is affected by her insecurity and confusion towards her cultural identity. â€Å"As far as the Italians were concerned, we weren’t completely one of them†¦We weren’t completely Australians.† The use of â€Å"we† brings the reader closer to Josie by speaking as if the responder belongs to her own social context, thus achieving empathy. Josie’s perceptions and ideology is shaped by her social background â€Å"At St Martha’sbrains didn’t count as much, money prestige and what your father did for a living counted†¦it makes me feel that I will never be part of their society.† First person narration is used in compliance with the confession style direct speech which effectively creates empathy as Josie never lies about her inner feelings. Being illegitimate and belonging to a lower-middle class , Josie’s ideology is strongly affected by the microcosm of a rich school society. Her envious tone conveys her self-discriminative feelings â€Å"Being stuck at a school dominated by rich people, rich parents†¦Anglo Saxon Australians who I cant see as having a problem in the world.† As can be seen, Josie’s initial confused perspective is effectively shaped by her psychological, social and ideological constructions. Progressing from the pre-change phase, Josie faces many catalysts initiated by herself and external influences. Her first encounter involves the entrance of Michael Andretti, her long lost father into her life. However, being neglected for seventeen years, she holds a mutually furious and confused attitude towards his presence. Her impulsive and angry tone demonstrates this:† How dare you think that I want to be in your life!† This however, contrasts to a later event where she utilises the external catalyst and initiates it as her own after she seeks Michael’s assistance with the Carly Bishop conflict. When Michael rescues her, she admits that â€Å"For a few minutes I knew how it felt to walk alongside one’s father, it was a great feeling.† her tone changes as she is no longer confused thus showing change, when self inflicted may lead to positive consequences. Another event which alters Josie’s perspective is the annual walkathon where she disregarded her responsibilities as the vice captain of school to lead the juniors. Her confessional tone conveys that she is maturing from the lesson â€Å"Deep down I knew I was wrong†¦I think my emancipation began at that moment.† Later on the day, she also discovers the truth about her captaincy that she was in fact voted the school captain. Her initial negative view about her social standings in the school takes a positive turn â€Å"and I was voted the school captain. Socially we weren’t as shitty as we thought we were.† One of the strongest catalysts which influence Josie is those of John Barton’s death. It effectively acts as the denouement of the novel, where the climax resolves all the conflicts. During the event Josie’s envious perspective on the rich and successful is challenged â€Å"How dare he kill himself when he’s never had any worries?† Her anxiety is resolved by her father that â€Å"A person doesn’t necessarily have to be happy just because they have social standings and material wealth, Josie.† John’s death is tragic but it allows Josie to mature from her naÐ ¿ve ideological perspective on the rich microcosm of the society. It can be therefore argued that change, whether initiated by self or external forces will allow people to positively progress. Every change has its outcomes. Josie’s confused perspective on her heritage is effectively resolved by â€Å"I’m an Australian with Italian blood flowing rapidly through my veins.† Her change of tone also shows the change of perspective when she initially mocks religion by reading a â€Å"hot pants† magazine in religion class. â€Å"It’s full of rubbish†¦do you think that they have a column named â€Å"are you a good Christian†?† the naÐ ¿ve and arrogant tone changes to a much more serious and mature one â€Å"I’ll believe in god and I won’t let any church rules take that away from me.† To allow changes to be easily observable, Marchetta uses chronological narrations where Josie’s life is told through the period of one year. â€Å"You know, a wonderful thing happened to me when I reflected back on my year, â€Å"one day† came because I finally understood.† Marchetta’s use of Intertexuality effectively highlights Josie’s emancipation â€Å"I’m not seventeen anymore, the seventeen where Janis Ian sang about where one learns the truth, but what she failed to mention is that you keeping learning truths after seventeen and I want to keep learning truths until the day I die.† This therefore conveys the notion that change is an ongoing process, not merely from point A to B. Miroslav Holub’s poetry â€Å"The Door† depicts the change as a process. The poem begins with the imperative â€Å"Go and open the door† which actively encourage the responders to explore change. â€Å"The door† symbolises the barriers which enclose and restrict people’s perspective to those of present. It also symbolises an entry into a new world of possibilities to gain a new perspective. The use of â€Å"Maybe† in italics and its repetition conveys that change has no certainties, but its results are dependent on the person’s perspective and interpretations â€Å"Maybe outside there’s a tree, a wood†. However, the use of an optimistic tone persuades the reader that â€Å"If there’s a fog, it will clear.† The use of figurative language describes the worst possibilities of change â€Å"even if there’s only the darkness tickling, even there is only the howling wind† then builds to a climax with a reductive sentence structure â€Å"even if Nothing Is there† This technique effectively forces the responder to read slower, until the last stanza, the coda which contains the theme of the poem â€Å"at least there’ll be a draught†. It shows that whatever the possibilities, whether good or bad, people will ultimately benefit from change. The similar notions are conveyed in â€Å"LFA† where the process of Josie’s change begins with obstacles, but she is able to successfully embrace change thus directing it to the best results, seen through her emancipations. Similar concepts of change are represented in the film â€Å"American History X†. The Protagonist Danny is brother to the leader of a fascist gang (D.O.C.), Derek who is imprisoned for the killing of a black American. Initially, Danny lives in a troublesome part of the America where racial tension is wide spread. Naturally, his psychological, social and ideological construction is based around white domination over the ethnic groups. His prejudice views however, radically changes as Derek is released from prison years later. His confrontation with Danny describes his experience in the prison thus highlighting that not one race is more superior. There are many techniques in the film that shapes meaning for change. The story, much like â€Å"LFA† is narrated in chronological order in the form of an essay. It effectively shows the processes of change as organised and structured. It also allows the responders to witness the perspectives of before â€Å"Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, those perils are polluting our beautiful country† and an after â€Å"we must be tolerant of each other’s differences, what separates us is not the culture, but good and evil.† Symbolism of swastika is highly effective in showing Derek’s initial fascist perspective towards the ethnics. However, later as he tries desperately to wash it off, it remains as it was tattooed showing Derek’s resentments for being a fascist. Changing perspective is evident in Danny’s act of ripping the Nazi flags off his room, which symbolises his movement away from the Nazi ideology. Intertexuality is employed to highlight Dannyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s change of perspective. Near the end of his film he quotes from Abraham Lincoln to convey his new perspectives â€Å"We are not enemies, but friends, we must not be enemies, though passions may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic cords of memory will swell when again touched as surely they will be by the angels of our nature.† Technique of denouement is employed to convey Danny’s final perspective, that of tolerance â€Å"Life’s too short to be pissed off all the time.† It concludes the film with the death of Danny by the gun of a black youth. The film conveys the notion that change is a process which will ultimately allow empathy into another perspective. However the outlook for further change is bleak for Danny whose process terminates at his death. This contrasts to Josie of â€Å"LFA† whose outlook is long and broad. Both texts explore the cultural crisis and universally convey that positive change of perspective needs to be self- directed to achieve greater balance in the society â€Å"My father Began as a God† conveys the notion of change through many ways. It is similar to â€Å"LFA† as it is narrated in first person chronologically. The responders are then able to observe the changes of perspective from the narrator from young to old. The first two stanzas describes the father in a toddler’s eyes, with figurative language and biblical allusion to Moses â€Å"My father began as a god†¦as if bought down from Sinai† Proceeding to the third stanza, an obvious change in tone shows the change of perspective of narrator to an adolescent â€Å"until by my time of adolescence, he had become a foolish small man.† This effectively contrasts to the previous stanza and allow the responders to empathise with the narrator of a gigantic god transforming into a small man. The arrogant tone changes as the narrator matures on the next stanza, reaching empathy â€Å"his faults and his intolerances, scaled away into the past revealing v irtues.† The process of change ends for the father, but continues for the narrator in the last stanza â€Å"how the deeper he recedes into the grave the more I see myself as just one of all the little men.† The empathetic tone conveys that change is an ongoing process, and perspective alters after experience thus reaching ultimate empathy. This poem contrasts to â€Å"The Door† as it represents change as a definite and predicative process, whereas â€Å"The Door† coveys change as a more ambivalent kind. The idea of outlook is bleak in this poem where it shows the ultimate outcome is death but the message conveyed in â€Å"LFA† as well as â€Å"The Door† is those of infinite possibilities for further change. Finally, â€Å"Student finds enlightenment in an embrace with her heritage† is a feature article that explores the changing perspectives of ethnical Australian culture. Thao Nguyen’s initial perspectives are shaped by her aspiration of childhood that she â€Å"prayed to God that one day she’ll wake up with blonde hair and blue eyes.† Living in a society where the white Anglo-Saxons claims majority, her ideology is shown in direct quote â€Å"You seem more accepted when you are white.† Her confused psychological state is highlighted by her â€Å"try to surround herself with only ‘white’ friends.† When she was young However, the catalysts for the change occur after she discovers on her passport that she is an Australian. Her thoughts were that â€Å"I thought Australian was white and I never called myself Australian.† Due to this revelation, her perspective begins to mature through time, especially after her humanitarian wor k in Vietnam. She claims that â€Å"It was a very enlightening experience and a turning point where I realised who I was.† It can be seen in this case that experience shapes new perspectives. The outcome of change is conveyed through the pull quote which is situated at the centre of the article, highlighting the theme â€Å"I wasn’t completely Vietnamese in an Australian society, nor completely Australian in a Vietnamese society. I was a hybrid of both and that was ok.† To a further extent, the result of change is positively portrayed by the photograph of Thao smiling, looking relaxed and attractive. The caption is integrated to convey the acceptance of change, of Thao being â€Å"Happy to be Australian†. The headline of the article also suggests that change is embraced. The final result is always dependant on the person’s ability to direct change to their advantage. This article makes some uncanny resemblance to â€Å"LFA† as both texts explore the cultural identity crisis. Although some psychological factors between Josie and Thao are different; where Josie has only â€Å"wog† friends and Thao befriends with the white Australians; Both characters are able to open â€Å"The Door† thus finding self definition. Therefore, although the styles and form may be different, both texts are able to sustain a universal theme of change. In conclusion, change is definitely a process that can sometimes be spontaneous in nature. However, different people’s psychological, social and ideological construction shapes their perspectives that reflect on the way they respond and direct that change. The different stages of change are universally shaped by different texts and techniques by characters like Josie in â€Å"LFA†, Danny in â€Å"American History X† and the personas/narrators in â€Å"The Door† and â€Å"My father began as a God† as well as Thao Nguyen in â€Å"Student finds Enlightenment in an embrace with her heritage†. It then can be said that change, although come in many forms all explores similar universal themes. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Changing Perspective topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Self Education Expenses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self Education Expenses - Essay Example Her assert for a deduction is consequently restrained to the first branch of s 8-1(1) which allows loss or outgoing deductible to the extent that; It is adequate if the claimed expending is made "in the course of" gaining or giving rise to the taxpayer's measurable income (Ronpibon Tin NL v Federal Commissioner of Taxation) (www.taxmatrix.com.au) In the present case also it was proved that, what was creative of computable income was the Taxpayer's qualification to receive the Youth Allowance and having continued that qualification all through the appropriate period by fulfilling the activity test. The agreement of that trial, in turn, necessitated her to be entered in a course of education at an educational institution, to be taking on at least three-quarters of the usual amount of full-time study in value of the pertinent course for the period in question and to allow the Secretary to form the judgment that she was making acceptable progress for finishing the course. Actually in the present case, the taxpayer was not employed as a teacher nor was she employed in any other applicable capacity. These expenses were met by her in the course of qualifying for a Teacher's Higher Certificate. The tribunal stated that the applicant was required to be enrolled and make progress in full time study so that she is entitled to receive Youth Allowance. Under such circumstances the costs which she incurred in the course of her studies were allowable as a deduction. The fact that the applicant was enrolled at the Australian Catholic University was "a course of education at an educational institution" pursuant to s541B(5) of the SSA was agreed. The Federal court allowed the expenses in the present case to be deductible on the following grounds: (www.taxmatrix.com.au): a. Such expenditure was supplementary or essential to her gaining Youth Allowance. b. The Commonwealth was paying the taxpayer the Youth Allowance since she was a student; not for studying per se. c. The indispensable character of the taxpayer's expenditure lay in it been incurred in taking on her studies so as to allow her to discharge her course of study and acquire successive employment as a teacher; and d. The expenses were related to or supplementary to the taxpayer's course of study and not to the benefiting or getting of Youth Allowance income. 2. As the ATO is considering whether to appeal this decision, what legal arguments can it put forward in support of such an appeal Critically analyze whether you think these arguments will succeed if the decision is appealed. [Approx 1,000 words] Self education expenses to derive Youth Allowance income is an allowable deduction as ruled in the case of Anstis v FCT. The federal court had held that self education expenditure can be claimed by a taxpayer as deductible expenses. But such expenses had to be incurred as a necessity and also derived as an incident of computable income. In the case mentioned supra the assessable income was the Youth Allowance. In the present case the assessee claimed for a deduction of $920.00 for work-related self-education expenses. The law of Australia lays down that a taxpayer can claim deduction of self education

Travelogue - Tour of New Delhi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Travelogue - Tour of New Delhi - Essay Example They would tell me how large India is, the unique architectural designs in the cities, the festivities, the trains, the monsoons, the ethnic diversity of the people and many other fascinating stories about India. As a lover of traveling, I started to think of India as an ultimate travel destination from a very tender age in my life. Since our marriage a year and a half ago, my spouse and I had always planned to have an enthralling tour as a celebration of our personal and mutual achievements as a young couple. When the time finally came; when we had gathered all the required resources for the journey, my spouse wanted me to suggest a destination. There would be no better destination than India. I already had done a lot of research about India and the typical stories foreigners tell after visiting New Delhi. Most of them were good, but some few others were bad including chaos in the city, cunning taxi drivers, fake ‘government’ tourists’ offices and many others. Th e good thing was that I knew the facts and the hearsay. That information was enough armor to protect us in our six days and five nights in New Delhi. The Cosmopolitan City We landed in the Indira Gandhi International Airport at 8 is on a Thursday at the onset of summer. We had already arranged for a tour guide and we were glad to recognize him easily. He introduced himself again (we already knew he was Kizito), but to our amazement, he was not an Indian. He saw the astonishment and explained with a smile that he came all the way from Uganda in search for greener pastures since five years ago. Nevertheless, he seemed to be enjoying himself. He slowly walked us into one of the restaurants at the airport for a late breakfast. Here in India, they call it ‘Nashta’. Nashta diet varied from region to region. We were each served with a plate of aloo  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a delicious meal made mainly from potatoes, curry leaves, peanuts, and chilies. Kizito was fluent in English. He was a ble to answer most of the questions we asked about our new city. He described the cosmopolitanism nature that the city boasts. The people here are from different races, nationalities, ethnicities, religions, and even different political orientations. In addition, he explained that as we shall soon find out, the city has many people from all over the world. Some, like him, live here while others come and go in large numbers for purposes of business, tourism, education, or even to attend religious events. Other than cosmopolitanism, the vibrant economy of New Delhi can be attributed to its virtue of being the capital city of India and its residents practicing neoliberalism in whereby they focus on economic growth. The breakfast session lasted about an hour. Kizito headed us to Kario Guest House about a thirty minutes’ drive from the airport. This will be our new home for the next six days. We were to rest till 2 pm when we begin visiting the many attractions in the metropolis. In the afternoon, we begin with a tour to the Old Delhi. The Old and the New Delhi Talking of New Delhi, one may wonder whether there exists an Old Delhi. The answer is ‘YES’. Old Delhi indeed exists. According to David (2008), Delhi was originally on the western banks of River Jumna. Ancient Hindu traditions and beliefs dictated that cities and towns should only be constructed on the right bank of the flow of the river. The left bank was to be left wild.  Ã‚  

Alternative Dispute Resolution( ADR)Clause Assignment

Alternative Dispute Resolution( ADR)Clause - Assignment Example All attempts will need to be made before approaching the professor to act as an arbiter for the case. However once the professor is involved in the case, there can be no contesting the decision and the decision will be considered to be final. Negotiation is where the parties will work together to resolve an issue or dispute which might arise from the learning team meetings or the team work efforts, among themselves. The negotiation can be set out by means of a written request to bring out the issue of the dispute, controversy or the claim and the solution suggested or requested. There is a faith of goodwill that ensures that the parties will abide by the proceedings and the settlement that is got from the negotiated proceedings. In case any of the parties is not satisfied by the result of the negotiation, then the professor will be introduced to perform arbitration. Mediation will be conducted when the issue is between two members of the team. Here the two members will choose one person as the mediator and this individual will be responsible to make the decision for the dispute (Nolan-Haley, 2008). Here the two parties and the mediator will meet to discuss the issue and the possible solutions. The mediator will be a third party with no common interest in the matter. The mediator will have to make the decision for the issue. This can be contested and again the professor will be brought in for arbitration. Arbitration will be conducted by the professor, in the case where the negotiation and mediation do not provide satisfactory results. Here the professor will meet both parties and will need each of them to provide in writing the dispute and the solution that has been got from the previous proceedings (i.e. mediation or negotiation) (Ware, 2007). Once this is got the two parties and the professor will meet and a discussion will proceed where the two parties will state their views

Same sex marriage shoul not be allowed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Same sex marriage shoul not be allowed - Essay Example ive demographic change, it is quite twisted and bizarre to claim that it is the role of married couples to procreate just to keep the stability of the western civilization. Plus, its much exaggerated. The main area in the article that is quite vague is that which speaks about the role of married heterosexual couples in driving and maintaining the western stability by procreating and having more children. The author refers to it as a role for them to carry out and fulfill, and this perception seems quite distorted and untrue. Moreover, it is stated that an acceptance of homosexuality will bring about the decline of western civilization, as the denouncement of it enabled the creation and continuance of this civilization. Although having a wrong perception of the situation, the source does seem credible. It does not only present facts meant to convince and persuade readers to agree with it, but also presents some opposite opinions and fact, such as the one about the MCCs acceptance of gay marriages. The main fallacy presented by the author once again has to do with the role of the heterosexual and married couples in maintaining the stability of the western civilization by their procreating and delivering more children. The author claims that that is what has kept the western civilization throughout the centuries, and this is clearly false and exaggerated. One argument the author makes is that men and women are uniquely biologically compatible, and explains his claim by saying that the human body can identify the intrusion of any unknown or alien matter into it and destroys it. However, the mans semen contains something that enables it not to be destroyed by the womans body, hence bringing forth the possibility of creating a baby. The conclusion of the author in the article is that marriage is a tool which leads to having children, and since the bond of "two become one" exists biologically and historically only between men and women, marriage of homosexual couples