Life Limiting Illness Essay

Sam (name changed to protect confidentiality) is a nine month old boy who was born at 26 weeks and diagnosed with chronic lung disease. He was sent home on 0.3 litres (L) of oxygen per minute with the view of gradually weaning this down as he grew stronger. When I joined the community nurse visiting Sam at home, he had been weaned down to 0.1L of oxygen per minute, so was now having his time on oxygen weaned down; from continuous oxygen eventually to none. The community nurses follow the trust’s nursing assessment guidelines which are based on The Twelve Activities of Daily Living (Roper et al, 1983). This model allows nurses to organise and prioritise care effectively for each individual child (McQuaid et al, 1996). As Sam was recovering from chronic lung disease, his respiratory well-being was the main priority. During the weaning process the community nurses conduct regular respiratory reviews to ensure Sam is coping with the lessening amount of oxygen. This assessment can begin as soon as the nurse enters the home. We were able to assess Sam’s work of breathing by looking at him and listening to him. He was not exhibiting any signs of respiratory distress such as nasal flaring, recession, grunting or wheezing, all of which would tell us he was making excessive respiratory effort (Huband and Trigg, 2000). It is essential to monitor oxygen saturations and vital signs in a respiratory review. The pulse oximeter is used to alert nurses to potential hypoxaemia. It does this by emitting red and infrared light from the sensor into the patient. Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood absorb different amounts of infrared light, so an average value can be calculated to show the percentage saturation (Huband and Trigg, 2000). The nurse ensured Sam’s foot was warm before attaching the probe to it, to determine if he had good peripheral perfusion. This is important for obtaining an accurate reading. The nurse informed Sam’s parents that we would be happy with Sam saturating above 95%. He was sitting around 99-100%, which was a great sign. His respiration rate was within limits at 41. Sam was currently having 8 hours off oxygen per day and this review showed he was coping well. The pulse oximeter also recorded his heart rate at 124 beats per minute, he was peripherally warm to the touch, and he was pink and perfused, so there were no concerns with his circulation. Sam is bottle fed on demand. He was gaining weight and his mum reported he was feeding well 6-8 times a day. There were no concerns with his elimination as he passed urine and opened his bowels regularly. He had no history of pyrexia or hypothermia so it was not necessary to take his temperature. Sam lives at home with his mum and dad, the family appear happy and settled. Both parents seem to have bonded well with him. His mum is very good with him but is often keen to progress with Sam quicker than is advised by healthcare professionals. For example when Sam was having 3 hours off oxygen a day, his mum had disclosed she left him off for 5 hours, although this was against advice given. The nurse’s role is to reinforce the advice given without losing the good relationship with parents. Working in partnership with parents in the community after their children have been discharged involves handing control back to them, but this must be balanced with professional knowledge and expertise (Muller et al, 1992). Sam’s mother also had a tendency to compare his development with other babies of his age, forgetting to correct his age for his prematurity. The nurse reminded her that Sam was doing very well considering he was 3 months premature. As I was playing with Sam I found him to be very alert and receptive. He interacted well with me, smiling and giggling at stimulations. After conducting a thorough respiratory review and discussing Sam’s progress with his parents, the community nurse was able to advise them to advance him to 12 hours off oxygen a day. She informed Sam’s parents that another overnight sleep study would need to be conducted in the next few weeks, so the consultant would be able to confirm he was still coping well. Huband. S and Trigg. E (2000) Practices in Children’s Nursing; Guidelines for Hospital and Community. Harcourt Publishers Limited. McQuaid. L, Huband. S, and Parker. E (1996) Children’s Nursing. Churchill Livingstone. Singapore. Muller. D, Harris. P, Wattley. L and Taylor. J (1992) Nursing Children; Psychology, Research and Practice. Second Edition. Chapman and Hall. London. Roper. N, Logan. W and Tierney. N (1983) Using a Model for Nursing. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh.

Heard Curious Facts About The Amount Of Time

Most of us have often heard curious facts about the amount of time we devote to certain activities. For example, one can be amazed by the realization that we spend more than one third of our life in sleep. But not less importantly, when speaking about our conscious part of life we have to admit that more than a half of it is occupied by work. And while the state of sleep is usually pleasant for us, if one dislikes his or her job it is a great problem, as spending half of our life for an unpleasant activity looks like a very pessimistic perspective.Moreover, some researchers even suggest that it is the very nature of human beings that makes us dislike work as such, and that we carry our professional and personal chores only out of the bare necessity to survive rather than because we enjoy it. However, I believe that this view is somewhat simplistic, and that it is possible for a person to really enjoy his or her job, and with the help of the personal association with what one is doing to turn the necessary work into a perfectly meaningful activity. Let me try to define what I mean by this, and how I define the notion of meaningful work.First of all, it seems safe to suppose that without the internal motivation based on our system of psychological rewards human beings in any time during the history would hardly commence any kind of activity that would lead beyond the satisfaction of the most basis needs, such as the need for food and shelter that even animals can fully satisfy with their level of intelligence.Thus, there is something in the human psychology that seems to drive us to the achievement of something excessive in relation to the minimal possible goal. In the context of our discussion, this psychological factor means that there is something in the process of work of almost any kind that can incite the person carrying it to strive for its completion for the sake of the completion. And on my personal example I can testify that the visible end result of th e work can trigger mechanisms of psychological reward, which for some people, including me, can in the future serve as powerful additional motivators (Bryner 2007).On ground of this, as one of the definitions of meaningful work may serve the establishment of the link between a person`s understanding that work can actually offer psychological rewards that are safe in contrast to those offered for instance by alcohol or drug abuse, and the chosen strategy of behaviour in which that person aims to include work in her or his life as a necessary and worthwhile activity that satisfies something more than the mere need for money.That the above mentioned approach to the definition of meaningful work is indeed a possible life strategy is testified by the example of what is known as workaholism, a psychological dependency on one`s professional activity as on the only or the most significant source of self-satisfaction. This phenomenon demonstrates that the psychological rewards produced by wo rk can be so strong that they may essentially overtake a person with the force similar to a drug seeking behavior (Killinger 2004, pp.3-17).While this may be quite problematic for an individual, it can help us strengthen our definition of meaningful work in such a way as to in addition to the already mentioned understanding of psychological rewards associated with work to include in it the clause that meaningful work is also characterized by person`s ability to imagine life without it and still retain the sense of one`s being. In this light, a truly meaningful work may be defined as an inherently voluntary activity based on the assumption that one`s occupation is neither based on the unavoidable compulsion, nor is the only meaning of life, but rather represents the possibility for a harmonious personal development and offers benefits for one`s emotional and even spiritual life.With all this said, I think we can conclude that the idea that the human unwillingness to work is our inher ent quality is true only in a limited context, while from the general point of view work we are involved in influences almost every aspect of our life, and therefore is an integral part of our being.SourcesBryner, Jeanna. â€Å"Subliminal Rewards Trigger Harder Work, Research Shows†.LiveScience.com, 2007. Visited April 16, 2007 at

What is a Monster? Are We Monsters? Are Humans Monsters?

When we become envious of our friend's belongings, vengeful toward those who hate, or selfish when we have plenty. Monsters strike fear within our hearts because they are giant, monstrous, ugly and uncontrollable beings. Humans strike fear in their peers because of their vengeance, race or politics. In Beowulf, readers are exposed to these monsters who are uncontrollable through the ways that they fight each other. By analyzing Beowulf, the concept of monstrosity is parallel to some flaws of humanity. Although Beowulf is seen a deviant God-sent savior by the people of Heorot and Hrothgar, he is not exempt from the equivalence of humanistic flaws in the natural world. Through the use of many parallels between the characters of Beowulf representing monsters and the natural world humans, the reader is left questioning what it is to be a hero and what it is to be a monster. The story uses symbolism such as supernaturalism as the model to create specific roles for the characters in Beowulf that parallel humans. In this paper, I will discuss the ways in which Grendel, Grendel's Mother and Beowulf are parallel to humans in the natural world by looking at the ways in which monsters and humans are similar. The epic poem, Beowulf, describes each of the monsters to be supernatural except Grendel and his mother who are understood to not be supernatural. He is one of three monsters in the story that is ornamented with monstrous traits such as â€Å"heathen talons, terrible spikes† (Beowulf 987). Although he is described with these monstrous features, it is humanistic and emotional instinct that propel his actions. For example, in the beginning of the story, Grendel is angered by the joyous celebration of the men of Heorot (Danes), crawls out of his underground swamp and creates a deathly disturbance. This ambiguous monstrosity gives mixed views of the role of humans and monsters, allowing for overlapping representations. He lives underground with his mother that is recognized by readers as the unnatural world-living in swamps and darkness. The grumpy Grendel attacks the Hall because it â€Å"harrowed him to hear the joyful din loud in the hall† (87-105). He is envious of Hrothgar and his people because they live in civilization-unlike Grendel-who lives in isolation. Words like â€Å"harrowing,† â€Å"misery† (105), â€Å"unholy creature,† and â€Å"ravenous† (120-121) are all used in the beginning of the story which alludes readers that Grendel is monstrous and envious of the Danes. The human characteristic Grendel is portraying in the story is envy. He wants to fit in with the Danes but since he is a Cain (who kills kin) he is unable to. His physical form confuses readers in terms of categorizing him as man or beast. He has many animal attributes, a grotesque and monstrous appearance such as â€Å"beast† (425), â€Å"heathen talons† and â€Å"terrible spikes† (985), but his actions and emotions prove otherwise. When Grendel is gravely injured from the battle with Beowulf at the Hall, he is doomed to die in his underground home. When Beowulf describes the win over Grendel, he states, â€Å"death is not an easy thing to escape-try it who will-but compelled necessity all must come to that place set aside for soul-bearers, children of men, dwellers on earth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1012). This further blurs the line between natural world humans and monsters because of the vernacular Beowulf chooses, â€Å"earth dwellers†, â€Å"children of men†. These words with specific intent towards Grendel, can overlap with descriptions of death towards humans in the natural world that death is hard to escape. Grendel's mother in the story is relatable to every mother in the natural world. Her intent to avenge her son's death (Grendel) to kill Beowulf is a very similar instinct mothers have in the natural world humans feel remorse for the loss of their loved ones. She symbolizes the natural quality of revenge. Grendel's mother comes into play and described as, â€Å"a woman's warfare, is less than an armed man's when a bloodstained blade, its edges strong, hammer-forged sword, slices through the boar-image on a helmet opposite† (1283). The line, â€Å"a woman's warfare, is than an armed man† to describe Grendel's mother as weak is a direct parallel to mothers in the natural world. In today's world, people assume that women are weak and less harmful than a man. In the story, the men in the hall are not afraid of her because she is a woman. Even though she is a mother, a female, to a â€Å"weak†, â€Å"emotional† monster (Grendel), she can still be violent and dangerous to others. This parallels mothers in the natural world. They can be terrifying when you make them mad. Grendel's mother is also ornamented with monstrous descriptions, â€Å"her hostile claws, that she-wolf of the sea swam to the bottom† (1505). This puzzles the reader when trying to categorize Grendel's mother as (wo)man or â€Å"beast†. Along with Grendel's monstrosity and his mothers', Beowulf's humanity is called into question. His call for attacking and killing Grendel is only for the fame he receives from the men of Heorot, â€Å"he trusted his strength, the might of his handgrip-as a man should do if by his warfare he thinks to win long-lasting praise: he cares nothing for his life† (1535). In this scene, the reader sees how he possess supernatural qualities of abnormal strength. This is the epitome of so many men in the natural world. Men are greedy for praise to impress a woman they like. The description of Beowulf here can again confuse the reader as to what to categorize him as, man or â€Å"beast†. Men try to be heroic when a tragedy happens most of the time to gain praise from the public. This is what Beowulf does in the story, to be the hero by stopping the attack on Heorot by Grendel. Beowulf is the example of the â€Å"tragic hero† in the story. He comes from being known as nothing but an ugly strong monster to a praised monster who killed the bad guy. He has many animal attributes and a monstrous appearance, but he seems to be guided by vague human emotions and impulses. For example, the impulse to kill Grendel for glory and fame is a remorseful killing act, Beowulf uses it as adrenaline to keep killing and attacking the â€Å"beasts† who harm Heorot. These different monstrous personalities are seen in the natural human world which need to be addressed today when reading and exploring one's own life. Humans are monsters too. Grendel is portrayed as the man who takes the bus to work every day and is envious of happiness in people's life-maybe someone with depression. Grendel's mother is portrayed as everyone's mother who wants revenge for a loved one's death and Beowulf is the greedy white American who wants to be praised for saving blacks in a burning house. Each of these portrayals in the human world is scary to see and understand. But it is all real. Concepts of monstrosity, heroism, and supernaturalism in Beowulf are complex due to the parallelisms between humanity and the monsters in the story. It is easy for readers to neglect the looming allusions on humanity that Beowulf offers through its use of subtle comparison. The ambiguity of â€Å"monster† and â€Å"hero† are intermixed in both the story and world of common man. Beowulf reminds readers to question the flaws and norms in humanity and its longing labels. We must yearn to understand human motivation before asking and claiming self-righteous glory. The difference between Grendel's mother and Beowulf is that his mother was avenging the death of her son and Beowulf kills for glory and fame. Humans are monsters.

One of the five articles mentioned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

One of the five articles mentioned - Essay Example Violent media is an authentic tool that provides tough mental exercises and the children will learn the merits and demerits of violence to enable them to adapt to real-life situations. Gerard argues accordingly and treats violence as an asset for the healthy growth of children. Unless the child knows what darkness is, the beauty of the light will never be appreciated by it. Children must know the prevailing realities in the present violence-prone society and adjust their life-patterns accordingly. Gerard Jones begins the essay with a heavy stroke of the hammer. At the first reading the reactions like—justification for violent media? Exposition of children to violence? Incredible!—are normal. Gerard’s love for violence goes in tandem with his love for children—this in short is the message ingrained in the essay, and said intelligently. Gerard’s advice to the children is, remove thorn with the thorn. It is easy for the parents to make the children submissive by injecting repeated doses on morality, but it requires guts to tell a child, retaliation is the best answer when you are attacked. A brave child of brave parents will be happy at the recollections of the past, as to how he challenged the vicissitudes of life. No one is defeated in life unless one admits defeat and the child that has been sensitized about the values of violent reactions will have the last laugh. The best educational institution on this Planet Earth is the college of self-education, where your mind is your principal and your initiatives are your professors. The highest challenge is to face the realities of life and not avoid or duck them. The motivating factor for the author to pen this essay and come out in support of violent media is his own childhood when he was carefully prevented from having the firsthand knowledge about the dark sides of life. Children should know that there

Eric's Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eric's Case Study - Essay Example Such schooling/training expands one’s vision to available opportunities and strategies, and inculcates professionalism. Business plans reflect the professional approach to entrepreneurism. Key words: Small businesses, entrepreneurs, competition, customer preferences, survival, growth. Eric: A Case Study for Small Business Entrepreneurs Q. 1: Factors for success/failure of small businesses Entrepreneurship is characterized by either family tradition or an individual’s desire to break free from routine - to give expression to adventurous ideas. Eric falls in the later category and has been exhibiting traits of an entrepreneur – be it in his vision to head a large and successful corporation in later life or his demonstrated risk taking ability in starting two small ventures and selling them off even before he reached the age of 20 or his determination to pursue college education on full time basis for long-term success. The main ingredients of success for small busi nesses, as Eric would vouch for us, are enthusiasm for backing an idea with hard work, firm belief and commitment to ideas, practical thinking as opposed to sentimental approach, and the importance of formal training for achieving higher goals. As Milton Friedman famously stated, â€Å"The social responsibility of business is to increase its profit† (The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970). All businesses, and more so the small businesses, must make adequate profits to survive and grow and in Eric’s case, it has been the profits from his ventures that kept him self-sustained and are now enabling him to join college for full time. On the other hand, had Eric not backed his ideas with hard work or was afraid of competition or was content to hang on to his profitable ventures for sentimental or other reasons, his small businesses would have failed in the long run for want of competitive edge. In market conditions characterized by intense competition, small busine sses fail if they do not adapt to changing customer preferences. Finally, formal training through college education brings in its wake a clearer perspective of the market opportunities, competitive forces and strategies for survival and growth of businesses. Q. 2: Business plan A business plan is a document that gives shape to the vision of an entrepreneur and to that extent helps the key management team to assume ownership the business idea and work towards its success. It is also presented to investors for availing financial support and is essentially a road-map for the proposed business from inception to the time of repayment of loan and interest (Ed., ehow.com, 2011). Its key components are briefly described as below: Cover letter: While forwarding the business plan document, the cover letter spells out the request being made for financial support on behalf of the business in a legally binding manner between the loan seeker and the loan giver. It identifies the parties to a deal and commits to discuss details and offer any clarifications that may be needed. Executive summary: Executive summary is especially meant for senior managers/decision makers, to quickly grasp the key elements of a proposal and decide whether it is worth their time to go into details or not. Hence this is a very important document in marketing a proposal for financing by investors. Company background: It spells out the credentials of a company and its promoters. In respect of existing companies, it briefly describes the lines of business,

Executive Pay Compensation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Executive Pay Compensation - Research Paper Example So far, research has indicated that people are the most important resources that businesses require in creating their competitive strategies. This stems from the fact that people have the capability to understand the business environment and ways of creating their success. In having a competent staff, one of the approaches used is ensuring that people get the best pay for their work they do in the business. Some business owners believe that having a competent staff is the key to having effective and efficient work. While it may be true, the approaches used in achieving an effective and competent staff are what differ from one business to another. One of the questions that have kept appearing among most of the researchers concerns the real worth that can be attached to business executives. Are the top managers and other CEOs justified by receiving millions of dollars at the end of their month on their paycheck? If that can be case, can their salaries be justified from the work that th ey do? These among other questions have formed the centres of discussion whenever employee compensation is mentioned. While some businesses often use money as a means of motivating their staff towards better performance, others often prefer using other non-monetary forms of incentives to achieve same; this has led to a huge controversy concerning executive compensation pay.Inasmuch as business executives have continued to be the beneficiaries of huge pays from their companies, some people have been outraged by this observation.

Enterprise Resource Planning Benefits, Pitfalls, and Strategies, from Assignment

Enterprise Resource Planning Benefits, Pitfalls, and Strategies, from the Perspective of a CIO - Assignment Example A major concern when evaluating a suitable ERP system for an organization relates to the ability of the system to provide visibility of the organization. The aspect allows the organization to enforce strategies that meet the needs of the organization on a real time basis, thus gaining a competitive edge in the market. According to Prabhu, Kumara, and Kamath (2010), ERP promotes the quality of services given to different consumers. Customers who visit the hospital facing critical conditions require immediate attention. ERP systems help in the fast retrieval of information required to attend to the patient. It also allows the organization to know what material could be missing, and order for it immediately, thus saving the life of the customer. ERP also reduces the amounts of inventory that the organization holds, thus reducing the overall costs of the organization. This allows the company to invest in other profitable activities, such as, expansions, which allow the organization to serve more people. Different systems are structure in different languages. An organization that employs a different language from that used in the presentation of the system could lead to a language barrier. Consequently, the CIO ought to consider the language of an ERP system before implementing it to the business. Implementing an ERP system in an organization that does not have trained personnel to run the system may lead to operational failure, as the employees need to be trained on how to use the applications. Introducing a new system in an organization requires the support of top management. Lack of such support may frustrate the efforts of implementing an ERP system as failure of support by top managers leads to failure of the entire process. Given the current operations of the organization, implementation of a new system may lead to integration problems. Some systems do not incorporate the core operations of the organization in

CMI Unit 3005 Identifying development opportunities and Unit 3008 Assignment

CMI Unit 3005 Identifying development opportunities and Unit 3008 Improving team performance - Assignment Example Building and managing effective teams is therefore a very important aspect of organisational success. Leaders have a particularly important role to play in ensuring that individuals and teams align with organisational priorities, strategies & objectives and work for the attainment of the same. It is not only through authority that they wield but also knowledge and charisma that leaders are able to inspire and motivate effective teams. Leaders must thus ensure a fertile environment for meaningful engagement, expression and conflict resolution so as to lead effective teams. They should as much as possible encourage consensus in decision making, promoting a conducive work place, clear roles & assignments and communicate the business goals as well as organisational culture among their teams. The goal should be for every member of the team to identify with works towards the attainment of organisational goals. An example of an organisational objective is achieving operational efficiency. In the increasingly competitive business environment, organisations setting goals of increasing efficiency in their operations so as to meet customer demands in terms of time and value for their dollars. This affects teams significantly; the impact on teams of such organisational goal could be negative or positive to the business. However, the main goal of the objective is to lead teams their work towards attainment of organisational goals. The goals must therefore be communicated clearly to the teams in order for individuals to read from same script while executing their daily duties. Poor communication of goals could result in competition among team members for instance in the hope of being rewarded for being above other team members. Individuals could thus resort to unethical means in their quest to outperform others. Communication should therefore be effectively executed for teams to be effective. There are various

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Land Law - Essay Example 'A vendor must be able to prove that he is entitled to the land before he can pass good title to a purchaser. Initially, such proof was provided by the production of the title documents to the land, i.e. the conveyances or leases. The vendor had to be able to show the chain of ownership for the last thirty (now 15 years).And each time the land was sold, all these documents had to be examined under the LRA 2000 a single register entry is substituted for the series of title deeds as proof of titles, and a prospective purchaser need only examine this registry entry.Theodore Rouff had laid down three basic principles of Land Registry. One among them is the mirror principle which states:â€Å" the register of title reflects accurately and completely beyond all arguments the facts that are material to the title†. In simpler terms, it can derive that this principle proposes the fact that the register of the title is the mirror which reflects accurately all the current facts and figur es those are material to the title. However, there are few exceptions to this fact. Other than these exceptions the title is free from all adverse burdens, rights, and qualifications unless they are mentioned in the register. Overriding interest can be described as one of the most an important exceptions to the mirror principle.Overriding interests: Definition: These are defined in s3 (xvi) LRA 1925 as: ‘all the encumbrances, interests, rights and powers not entered on the register, but subject to which registered dispositions are to take effect’... Initially such proof was provided by the production of the title documents to the land, i.e. the conveyances or leases. The vendor had to be able to show the chain of ownership for the last thirty (now 15 years).And each time the land was sold, all these documents had to be examined under the LRA 2000 a single register entry is substituted for the series of title deeds as proof of titles, and a prospective purchaser need only examine this register entry. Theodore Rouff had laid down three basic principles of Land Registry. One among them is the mirror principle which states: " the register of title reflects accurately and completely beyond all arguments the facts that is material to the title" (wikipedia)1. In simpler terms it can derived that this principle proposes the fact that the register of title is the mirror which reflects accurately all the current facts and figures those are material to title. However there are few exceptions to this fact. Other than these exceptions the tile is free from all adverse burdens, rights and qualifications unless they are mentioned in the register. Overriding interest can be described as one of the most important exception to the mirror principle. Overriding interests: Definition: These are defined in s32 (xvi) LRA 1925 as: 'all the encumbrances, interests, rights and powers not entered on the register, but subject to which registered dispositions are to take effect' Meaning: In simpler terms overriding interest can be defined and determined as the interest which override. It is liable on the purchaser to inspect the land and make inquiries as there are few dispositions like overriding

Contract and Chou Essay Example for Free

Contract and Chou Essay The case scenario under review by our team includes a contract law situation involving a board game company and a game inventor. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) is a board game company which develops, manufactures, and distributes board games, and Chou is the name of the inventor of a new strategy game. In this scenario, what began with a payment made from BTT to Chou for exclusive negotiating rights for 90 days, ended in a change in management at BTT, leading to their company no longer having interest in distributing Chou’s game. Several questions will be asked about the validity of the terms agreed upon by the parties involved, including at what point did the parties have a contract, and what role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? Our objective is to analyze the case scenario, including the previously stated questions, and provide the answers to those and other questions pertaining to the scenario and contract law. Question 1 At what point, if ever, did the parties have a contract? There was mutual agreement between Chou and BTT via verbal agreement, and a subsequent email verifying that an agreement had been tentatively reached. According to the terms of distribution between Chou and BTT a contract was only valid if formalized in writing. An argument may be made that three days prior to the 90 day time limit a mutual agreement was reached and valid via an E-contract law. There was mutual assent between both Chou and BTT. The argument for the other side will state there was never a formalized written contract from either Chou or BTT, only an email with a subject heading stating Strat Deal. Is the email a valid contract? Question 2 What facts may weigh in favor of or against Chou in terms of parties’ objective intent to contract? Facts show that BTT sent an email with a subject heading of Strat Deal with information stating that Chou and BTT have reached an agreement. The writing states that after months of no response from BTT and with no management in place the company no longer wishes to distribute Chou’s intellectual property. Chou was in compliance with BTT at all times regarding issues pertaining to Strat. Chou will allege that there was a contract between himself and BTT that was of mutual assent and under E-contract law the emails were valid. Question 3 Does the fact that the parties were communicating by email have any impact on your analysis in questions 1-2 above? According to CA Civil Code 1624, b 3, a, online contracts are endorsable even if writing is required by the statute of frauds. Communication of contracts is valid under E-contract law. There is no impact on analysis made of above stated questions because of online communication. Question 4 What role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? A key factor in any contract is acceptance, and in this case a verbal agreement had been reached three days before the exclusive negotiation right was expired. Chou then said he was going to draw up the contract. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) then sent Chou an email outlining all of the things that they had agreed upon that would be included in the contract. Seeing the email, Chou then assumed that this was the contract to be enforced and did not respond to BTT. Even though Chou received the email, he did not respond to it, thereby giving Chou the defense that silence is never acceptance. However, in E-contact law dictated by CA Civil Code 1624, b, 3, a, it says that online contracts are endorsable even if writing is required by the statute of frauds. In addition, the â€Å"Click On† or â€Å"Click Wrap† agreement clause states that these agreements are enforceable since the opportunity to read and acknowledge was given. The statutes of frauds do play a part in this contract due to the Uniform Commercial Code requiring that the statute of frauds applies to any contract for the sale of goods for $500 or more. However, the exact amount of â€Å"Strat† units that Big Time Toymaker (BTT) will sell or at what cost of each unit is unclear to the reader, it was described in detail in the email BTT sent to Chou. Question 5 Could BTT avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake? Explain. The new management at BTT cannot avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake because a mistake was not made by both Chou and the old management team. The mistake by Chou was accepting the email outline of the contract terms as an actual contract agreed to by both parties. Scienter applies to Chou in this case by accepting a seemingly legitimate contract. Would either party have any other defenses that would allow the contract to be avoided? The change of management brought about individuals bound to the same company as the old management team was, therefore, scienter applies to the new management team in privity. The draft sent from Chou and received by BTT is a negotiable instrument. BTT thereby becomes a holder in due course. The inaction of BTT after the draft was sent is in violation of the UCC requirement that all offers are to be open for a reasonable period of 90 days. Chou was under the impression that a contract had been made before that 90 days had expired. Chou has real defense as well as personal defense due to breach of contract and fraud. Question 6 Assuming, arguendo, that this e-mail does constitute an agreement, what consideration supports this agreement? By law, statute of frauds would support this agreement. Due to the terms, there cannot be a lawsuit that can be upheld on particular contracts or arrangements, except if it is written and signed by the authorized party or representative. Under the statute, certain kinds of contracts have to be in writing in order to be enforceable in a court of law (Contracts: Statute of Frauds, 2013). The writing also has to be signed by the person who is held responsible for the contract or by that persons agent. To evade the justification of the Statute of Frauds, one would need to make sure the contracts are in text and signed by the other party; so, if the opposing party does not hold his or her end of the agreement, one would gain from that particular party. Question Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might or might not apply. It is obvious BTT’s manager did not think clearly about protecting BTT from liability. He carelessly wrote the emails, and his careless actions put BTT at risk. This led Chou to believe that this e-mail was meant to replace the earlier notion that he should draft a contract. Although the word contract was not ever used in the e-mail, it said that all of the terms had been agreed upon. The compensation would be awarded to Chou by the court in a civil action due to the wrongful conduct, being the breach from the other party, BTT. If the contract is breached by BTT, Chou will be granted equitable relief by the court, which comes in the form of specific performance, injunctive relief, or reformation. Monetary damages could also be in effect, in which they can be compensatory, resulting from a loss due to nonperformance. Also, consequential, which are indirect but to be expected from non-completion. Restitution would also take place that would be equivalent to total the party has been unfairly supplemented by the non-breaching party, and liquidated, which damages are a preset value rendering from the agreement. The compensatory damages for recovery Chou suffered by the non-breaching party would be the damages that would be awarded to the party in the same situation he would have been in if the other party had executed as agreed upon (Melvin, 2011). After review of the case scenario involving Big Time Toymaker and Chou the game inventor, we have concluded that not only was there a contract agreement between the parties, but that according to E-contract law, Chou may be bound by the terms included in the original email sent from BTT. In addition, the doctrine of mistake cannot be used in this situation because of scienter toward Chou and the old and new management of BTT. Several questions were asked of our team in accordance with contract law and the scenario provided by the textbook. This completes our analysis of the scenario and answers to the questions we were presented.

The Moral Philosophy Of Virtue Ethics

The Moral Philosophy Of Virtue Ethics Virtue Ethics is a moral philosophy commonly attributed to Plato and Aristotle. The meaning of the word virtue for both was that of excellence. Although there are differences in their individual schools of thought, their outlook on morality is more or less the same. Both these philosophers came upon their understanding of ethics and morality while attempting to answer some fundamental question. For Plato, the question was, what is the good life? And for Aristotle this was, what do men fundamentally desire? In their individual attempts to answer these questions we find their theories of ethics. Plato described four cardinal virtues in his works. They were: Wisdom, Courage, Temperance and Justice, referring respectively to the following faculties of the human soul: Reason, Spirits, Appetites and justice being the correct balance of the first three, which according to him was the subservience of spirits and appetites to the faculty of reason. These virtues when properly exercised would lead to the development of an organized, well-balanced and hence virtuous individual. This well-balanced individual would be a happy person. So, Plato hypothesizes that it is a happy person who is leading a good life (hence, a good life is a happy life). He is happy because he is morally virtuous, morally virtuous because he is guided by reason and reason is knowledge. We now understand the first part of Platos theory that to be happy one must be morally virtuous. This leads to the second part of his theory that reason or that ultimate knowledge which is needed for morality comes from the Idea of Good. It is this Idea of Good which exists in the realm of Ideas, of immutable, unchanging Form which is the source and the final goal of all morality. And this Idea of Good is accessible only to the philosophers. Aristotle differs from the Platonic view over the concept of Forms and that knowledge of morality is a priori. According to him, moral principles are to be discovered through the study of mans life and his experiences and not from some obscure, formless world of ideals. In his search for the answer to what men fundamentally desire, Aristotle more or less comes to the same conclusion as Plato, which is the attainment of Eudaimonia, a term used by Aristotle and translated commonly as Happiness. As with Plato, Aristotle also believes that leading a virtuous life will lead to happiness. A virtuous life is one which is governed by reason. Reason in man has two functions. First is the use of reason (or the rational part of the soul) to control the irrational (appetitive, for e.g. emotions and vegetative, for e.g. breathing) part of the soul. The second is to use reason for the sake of deep analysis to come up with knowledge which in turn yields laws and principles to govern everyday life. He further states that virtue in man corresponds to these two functions of reason respectively: moral virtues and intellectual virtues. These moral and intellectual virtues are the mean between two vices. That is these virtues exist as the middle ground between two extremes. Moral virtues are those which based on rationality are ingrained in a man as his nature and are practiced by him out of habit. Examples of the moral virtues are courage and prudence etc. On the other hand, the intellectual virtues are those of exercising the rational part of the soul purely for the sake of reasoning, an example of which is wisdom. The former (moral virtues) are within reach of the ordinary man while the intellectual virtues fall in the domain of a few divinely blessed only. Finally, according to Aristotle it is the state of character of a person which makes him morally virtuous. This state of character is one of the three components of a mans personality. The other two being: the passions (e.g. anger or fear) and the faculties (e.g. ability to feel anger). It is the state of character which propels a man to choose between two extremes. Hence moral virtue is the state of character of a man which leads him to choose the golden mean. Let us take an example, proper pride is the mean between empty vanity and undue humility. To sum up Aristotles philosophy of ethics is that it is the character of man within which lies the power to choose. Hence it is not the act but the choice made between different forms of that act that morality is evident. NOTES William Lille, An Introduction to Ethics, (London: Methuen Co Ltd, 1971), 272. Ethel M. Albert, Theodore C. Denise and Sheldon P. Peterfreund, Great Traditions in Ethics, (New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1980), 11. Ibid., 38. Lille, An Introduction, 274, 277. Ethel M. Albert and others, Great, 11. Ibid., 29. Ibid., 38. Ibid., 46. Ibid., 48. Ibid., 39. Ibid., 50.

Social And Economic Effects Of An Urban Region Tourism Essay

Social And Economic Effects Of An Urban Region Tourism Essay The evaluation of the attributes which connect and differentiate the cities around us, give us a better approach in learning trends relative to our human patterns of living. This essay will examine and discuss the similarities and differences among the selected cities of study, and will subsequently draw conclusions based on the facts taken from the statistics Canada website. The essay will focus on the social and economic effects of the specified urban region in relation to the Central business district (downtown Toronto), as well as combine the facts together in order to predict our future outcome in terms of urban living. Moreover, the analysis will commence with the smallest community furthest north, and end with the city core of the GTA. Table 1: General Characteristics Variable Bradford Newmarket Aurora Richmond Hill Toronto Population in 2006 24,039Â   Â   74,295 47,629Â   Â   162,704 2,503,281 2001 to 2006 population change (%) 8.1 12.9 18.6Â   Â   23.2 0.9 Population density per square kilometer: 119.6Â   Â   1,951.00 959.9Â   Â   1,612.70 3,972.40 Census of Canada (2006). Community Profiles, http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Index.cfm?Lang=E (19 Nov 2009). Located on the northern outskirts of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), lies Bradford; a community populated by only 24,000 people. In terms of location, Bradford is roughly 70 kilometers away from downtown Toronto yet not too far from the 400 and 404 highways. As seen on the chart below, the population change from 2001 to 2006 is 8%. The communities just south of Bradford being Newmarket and Aurora hold greater population changes as they are situated closer to downtown Toronto (Central business district) and therefore have the balance between proximity to the CBD and optimal rural location. As seen on table 1, the population change increases steadily from Bradford to Richmond Hill, and culminates drastically at Toronto. The reason for this is the direct result of the relationship between population size and proximity to the city for the purpose of work. What can be learned from this figure are the essential characteristics which translate to the expansion of communities where the most sought after location is utterly possible. Richmond Hill being situated in the heart of the GTA between the city core, large neighboring cities: Etobicoke and Mississauga, and Newmarket in the north had the largest population increase of 23%. Moreover, although the population change is significantly less than Richmond Hill, Newmarket has the greatest density per square kilometer following Toronto. The reason for this being the clustering of commodities among the suburbs in order to accommodate the population, so the need to travel to downtown Toronto is not required. Richmond Hill on the other hand is located closer to the core and is more spread out geographically, hence the reason why commodities such as shopping malls and entertainment are scarcer, as people travel to the CBD for these purposes. Now going back to the city of Bradford, one can notice by table 3 below that the number of single detached houses is 75% of the overall housing breakdown. This is simply due to the fact that all other dwellings are allocated primarily for busier cities with a higher concentration of citizens and traffic. Moreover, the percentages of buildings with 5 or more stories increases Table 3: Occupied Private Dwelling Characteristics Variable Bradford Newmarket Aurora Richmond Hill Toronto Total 7,945 25,090 15,655 51,000 979,440 single detached houses 75.1% 58.8% 60.8% 63.6% 27.3% semi-detached houses 6.4% 7.6% 8% 4.1% 7.2% row houses 2.5% 11.8% 16.7% 13.8% 5.6% apartments, duplex 7.7% 5.5% 3.9% 3.3% 4.4% apartments in buildings with fewer than 5 storeys 4.3% 10.7% 6.3% 2.3% 16.6% apartments in buildings with 5 or more storeys 3.5% 5.4% 4.1% 12.7% 38.7% other dwelling 0.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% number of owned dwellings (%) 82.9 82.5 85.8 86 54.3 number of rented dwellings (%) 17.1 17.5 14.2 14 45.6 Census of Canada (2006). Community Profiles, http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Index.cfm?Lang=E (19 Nov 2009). Table 4: Income and Industry Variable Bradford Newmarket Aurora Richmond Hill Toronto Median income in 2005 all census families 82,836 88,514 98,482 80,121 59,671 Agriculture and other resource-based industries(% 4.2 1.38 1.2 1.05 0.8 Construction (%) 10.6 5.49 6.5 5.6 4.8 Manufacturing (%) 17.5 14.33 12 10.6 11.7 Wholesale trade (%) 6.3 6.04 7.2 6.7 4.7 Retail trade (%) 11.3 12.72 10.6 11.6 9.1 Finance and real estate (%) 4.7 6.63 8 12 10.1 Health care and social services (%) 7.7 8.86 7.8 7.65 8.9 Educational services (%) 6.8 7.45 8.2 6.6 6.7 Business services (%) 16.4 19.57 21.6 23 25.2 Other services (%) 14.4 17.53 16.9 14.9 17.1 Census of Canada (2006). Community Profiles, http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Index.cfm?Lang=E (19 Nov 2009). progressively from North (Bradford) to south (Toronto), apart from Newmarket which as mentioned before seems to have a more advanced built urban environment. Apartments that have fewer than 5 stories make up 10.7% of all the housing, superseding even the most southern community of Richmond Hill. It is interesting to note also that in terms of Newmarkets population density per square kilometer (1,951), it has developed the most as a city offering the most commodities compared to Bradford, Aurora and Richmond Hill. Compared to the other communities, retail trade having almost 13% of the workforce surpasses even the city of Toronto. As seen on table 4 below, the third highest division of industry in Newmarket is retail trade. Therefore, bearing in mind Newmarkets distance from downtown Toronto it is clear that the combination of overall population, population density, and retail trade has made Newmarket the highest developing community in the GTA. Now taking a look back at the community of Bradford as seen on Table 4, construction, manufacturing and agriculture-based industries are the clear assets which are the direct result of being situated in a more rural, and lesser populated setting. Thus, Bradfords community was not developed as much as its neighboring communities of Newmarket and Aurora, and remained as a small farm-town based community over the years. From the business services perspective, the percentages increase in nearly perfect increments from Bradford to Toronto. This demonstrates how business is the highest and most essential in the CBD and gradually decreases the further north the community is situated. This is directly related to capitalization and management since the city is constantly being redeveloped in order to accommodate the growing population. Looking at business and resource-based industries in table 4 is a comprehensive method of understanding the makeup of communities. They are at complete opposit e ends of the workforce and are directly correlated with the population size and density of the community. Resource-based industries develop further away from downtown Toronto with communities of smaller population size, while business services increase with the density and higher population closer to the CBD. Manufacturing and construction can also be seen to decrease moving closer to GTAs core. In terms of income among all census families, the two communities which are the most different are Aurora and Toronto. Aurora had a median income in 2005 of $98,482, while Toronto only summed up to $59,671. The other three communities have roughly the same median income averaging out to around $84,000. Aurora seems to be a more prestigious and secluded community between Richmond Hill and Newmarket where proximity to the city is still good for homeowners who desire a rural upper class lifestyle away from the busy city life. Toronto on the other hand has the lowest median income since the population is much greater and more diverse in terms of industry and job opportunities. Lower class families often immigrate first to the city core prior to accumulating enough capital to begin a life in the suburbs. This is the sole reason why a large city like Toronto has a relatively low median income since the average is determined among the richest and poorest citizens where the poorest always pr edominate. A rural city like Aurora is a perfect residential location for wealthy homeowners who want to escape the hectic city life and will give up proximity for location as in EW Burgesss concentric zone model pictured below. source: http://yakkersy12geo.blogspot.com/2008/09/burgess-concentric-zone-model.html (19 Nov 2009) This model can be linked to the present overall setup of the five communities in terms of density and social class. Referring to Table 1, the density of Toronto is nearly 4,000 people per square kilometer and has the lowest median income. This translates to a majority of lower class and minority of upper class residents. As residential suburbs develop on the outskirts of the CBD, the higher class residential communities such as Aurora are pushed even further back where there is more land available to develop more expensive properties. As seen in Table 1, Auroras population change between 2001 and 2006 is nearing that of Richmond Hills even though its half as dense as Newmarket. This is simply because of the prime location and aspiration of homeowners to live in a non-suburbia type environment yet not too far from the city core. Furthermore, property values are lower further away from the CBD as a direct factor of longer time travelling to the CBD for work. Therefore homeowners can in vest the same amount of money in a larger property in Aurora than a property in Richmond Hill if accessibility to the city core is not a major concern. TABLE 2: Age Characteristics of the Population Variable Bradford Newmarket Aurora Richmond Hill Toronto Median age of the population 36.7 37.2 37.2 37.8 38.4 Percentage of the population under 15 years of age 20.8 21.2 22.2 19.3 16.4 Percentage of the population aged 15 over 79.2 78.8 77.8 80.7 83.6 Census of Canada (2006). Community Profiles, http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Index.cfm?Lang=E (19 Nov 2009). The Burgess model depicts age decreasing from the outskirts of the CBD into the center, although the five communities in the GTA are the complete opposite. Toronto had the highest median age of the total population as well as the highest percentage of the population aged 15 years and over. Contrary to this, the remaining four communities have a lower median age and younger overall populations. This major difference is representative of the fact that families are gradually migrating to rural areas or suburbs outside of the city, while the city core is progressively transforming into a hub of business, traffic, and commuting. It is also interesting to note that among the five communities, Toronto had the least amount of owned dwellings and the highest number of rented dwellings as seen in Table 3. This is due to the obvious high pricing of condominiums in the city as a result of the limited space available for residential space. People can be forced to live in the city for periodic wor k or are not financially able to buy a property. This can be also related to the size and density of the population where people are more inclined to buying a property where there is a greater tendency to remain for a longer period of time. Therefore, the percentage of single detached homes in the city core is significantly less than that of the suburbs. From table 3, one can notice the major differences of property layout. Overall, what can be learned from this analysis are the processes which have developed in each of the communities differently, with their own unique assets. The relationship between work and home, and the urbanization among satellite cities is what distinguishes our unique future. Based on the facts of this essay, one can assimilate their personal lives with that of the specified community and therefore learn the socio-economic trends of our everyday changing lives.

Quetzalcoatl: Man Or Myth? :: essays research papers

The Legend of Quetzalcoatl: Man or Myth? From the beginning of the Toltec reign in Central Mexico, the deity Quetzalcoatl has been a central figure in the religion and culture of Mexico. This is undisputed. What can be disputed, however, is Quetzalcoatl’s legitimacy as an historical figure. The deity Quetzalcoatl, or the â€Å"plumed serpent† is inseparable from the man Ce Acatl Topitlzin Quetzalcoatl, known to be a famous leader in pre-historical Mexican myth. The dissection becomes more difficult still as the Spanish friars introduced Christianity and in an attempt to assimilate the Indians, created a parallel between Indian deity Quetzalcoatl and the Catholic figure St. Thomas. In doing so, the priests hoped to incorporate Indian culture and religion into Christianity. In the process, however, they changed and damaged the pre-Christian notions of the god. What information we have now of Quetzalcoatl must be recognized as flawed over the centuries, and we must take this into account when trying to examine th e historical origins of one of the three figures. However, with cautious examination, we can separate these three figures and determine each one’s traits independent of the others’. To understand the mythical figure Quetzalcoatl, the first of the trinity to emerge, one must look further in to the religious belief of the pre-Columbian peoples. In the Classical period, Quetzalcoatl represented a sort of binary opposition between earth and heaven, visible in his name, quetzalli, or â€Å"precious green feather†, and coatl, the â€Å"serpent.† â€Å"Precious green feather,† according to Enrique Florescano, referred to a bird, which in the Classical period symbolized the heavens. Coatl, the serpent, symbolized earth, and so the mythical creature Quetzalcoatl was a link between the two, present before the Toltec civilization began, and gave birth to the image of twins, one of life, fertility and order (the bird) and the other representing the fatality of death (the serpent) . Yet the link between the immortal and the mortal was further construed by the Classical Period Indians than even the symbolism of the bird and serpent. The binary oppositions within day and night, also the Morning Star and the Evening Star became entangled within the earliest surviving myths of Quetzalcoatl. There is a fine line between the religious and the mythological in Pre-Columbian Mexico. While Quetzalcoatl began as a symbolic interpretation to link life and death, or the gods and humans, his purpose soon extended to an intercessor between the two, symbolic in the ball court game which he is attributed with founding .

The Reluctance of Hamlet toward Killing Essay -- William Shakespeare H

The Reluctance of Hamlet toward Killing in William Shakespeare's Hamlet The reluctant character Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, has become one of the most cited characters in history. Throughout Shakespeare's play Hamlet knows what he must do, but avoids it in his mind. The problem is: why does hamlet delay in avenging his father's death? Hamlet is afraid. He is afraid of failure. Hamlet tries to play off his fear by blaming outside circumstances, like doubting the existence of the ghost when he knows in his heart it is true, and not having the right opportunity to exact revenge. What it all boils down to is a belief in himself, or lack of, that is a lack of self confidence. Hamlet's excuse of doubting the ghost is displayed in his actions when they meet. "Be thou a spirit of health or a goblin damned,/ bring with the airs from heaven of blasts from hell,/ be thy intents wicked or charitable,/ thou com'st in such a questionable shape/ that I will speak to thee. I'll call thee 'Hamlet',/ 'King', 'Father', 'Royal Dane'" (Act 1, Sc. 4, ln. 44-50)(51) Hamlet's words here clearly illustrate how Hamlet acts confused but honestly knows the ghost is true. Hamlet wants to doubt the existence of the ghost when he tells Horatio and the others, "Never make known what you have seen tonight."(Act 1, Sc. 5, ln. 160)(65) The mere fact that Hamlet hesitates to reveal that he has seen the ghost at all and swears Horatio and the other sentinels to secrecy, shows his want to keep the proof of his father's death secret. When hamlet says, "If his occulted guilt/ do not itself unkennel in one speech,/ it is a damned ghost that we have seen,/ and my imaginations are as foul/ as Vulcan's stithy." (Act 3, Sc. 2, ln. 85-89)(141) Hamlet h... ...even though his heart believes. He hesitates because he is afraid of failure: failure to his father, mother, and to himself. And furthermore, the tragedy of Hamlet would not have been much of a tragedy had Hamlet not procrastinated. If he had killed Claudiuds the night of the play, Polonius, Ophelia, Gertrude and Laertes would not have died. Some critics may say Hamlet did not delay. Some critics may ask the question, What is delay? Delay is to put off to a future time. Hamlet definitely puts off the killing of Claudius until the end of the play. Even if he has valid reasons to delay, he delays non the less. So critics who ask the question of whether he delays or not are completely wrong because there is no doubt in whether he delays or not, because he does. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. T. J. B. Spencer. New York: Penguin, 1996.

Explain the Main Difficulties That are Faced During Overseas Study Essay

As Australian universities have obtained popularity in the worldwide zone, the number of overseas students has been increased progressively. Accompanying with the overseas study trend, numerous difficulties that are faced during the overseas study appeared. To be specified, the term â€Å"overseas study† in this essay can be defined as students from those non-English speaking countries, especially Asian countries, receive the tertiary education in Australian universities. There are many difficulties can be encountered during the overseas study, some of which are the barrier of language, the new mode of education and the difference of culture. Firstly, the general problem in the overseas study is the language barrier. Although the language abilities of overseas students have been tested and verified by the language tests such as IELTS or TOEFL, there are still some obstacles in the English usage for academic purpose and daily communication. For instance, on campus lectures, tutorials, consultations and discussions are normally conducted in English, so there can be a huge number of technical terms that have never been heard by those international students. It may cause inaccurate understanding of some certain problems. The fast-talking and the use of slang during off campus everyday life such as the purchase of food, clothes and other necessities can also make a confusing. Therefore, academic or special usage of English can lead to some trouble in understanding as the incomprehension of English usage of those overseas students. The second difficulty that can be faced during the overseas study is completely different mode of learning. As differences of education widely exist among countries and also the gap between elementary education and tertiary education is generally concerned, overseas students will face two huge changes while receiving education abroad. To give an example, in many Asian countries, the study style before college is more like being driven or in another word, passive, whereas the tertiary education undertaken in Australian universities is more inclined to an independent process. As a consequence, the lack of motivation and automaticity can be shown on some overseas students that the education of those students may not be continued. Thirdly, the difference of culture is considered as one of the main difficulties that can be faced during overseas study. Culture varies from country to country, and the culture difference between Asian countries and Australia is tremendous. The hard adaption of culture difference should be made. For example, the food culture, the clothing culture and the religious culture can be quite different. A lot of Asian students used to have lunch as the main meal, however, in Australia, supper is regarded as the main meal. Hence, overseas study can be hard when spending time and energy on making adaption of these differences. In conclusion, the three main difficulties that are faced during the overseas study are the barrier of language due to the incomprehension of some specific terms and usage in English; the entirely different way of learning which depends on the independence; the huge difference of disparate culture which can be hard to be adapted. Of the three difficulties, the culture difference is the toughest because it is hard for an international student to adjust himself from a background to a wholly unlike one.

Nonverbal Communication Essay

Nonverbal Communication is important as what people say. But much of nonverbal communication In different cultures is beyond our awareness. Lack of such Knowledge may arise misunderstanding and Conflicts. Every day, we respond to thousands on nonverbal cues and behaviors including postures, Facial expression, eye gaze, gestures, and tone of voice. From our handshakes to our hairstyles, Nonverbal details reveal who we are and impact how we relate to other people. Nonverbal communication is more important in understanding human behavior than words. Facial expression is responsible for a huge portion of nonverbal communication . Consider how much Information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. While nonverbal communication and behavior can Vary between cultures, in my place of birth Freetown, Sierra Leone facial expression is a big deal; But Here in the United States is not. Which I think it’s ok. For example, waving the hand vertically with the Palm facing outward means â€Å"Goodbye† in the United States, but can be misinterpreted as meaning â€Å"Come here† to someone from a Mendes tribe in Sierra Leone Body, posture, and movement can also convey a great deal on information. Body language has grown Significantly since. But popular media has focus on the over interpretation of defensive postures, Arm crossing, and leg crossing. Some people will say crossing your arms, means you are not welcoming Them and for some is just a posture. Most of the time when I watch an interview, the host and the Guest crossing their legs. Our choice of color clothing, hairstyles and other factors affecting Appearance are also considered a means of nonverbal Communication. Appearances can also Alter physiological reactions, Judgment and interpretations. Just think of all the subtle Judgments you quickly make about someone based on his or her appearance. I had my Grandmother say this a thousand times that ‘’the way people see you, tells them who you are† For nonverbal communication to be effective, one has to avoid stress, be aware of their emotions as Well as those of others and must pay attention in order to receive an accurate and consistent message That is free of any abusive language In order to correctly interpret another culture’s style of communication, it is necessary to study The â€Å"Silent language† of one culture.

Marketing and the Fast Food Industry Essay

The ultimate themes of fast food chains are high visibility and global recognition. The earliest establishments, ostentatiously designed in an attempt to attract attention, were strategically placed alongside highway off-ramps in order to draw in customers. Simplistic logos, such as the legendary golden arches, began to bring recognition to the fast food chains. The fast food industry’s ability to sell convenience and taste then allowed the popularity of fast food to gain momentum. Eric Schlosser, the author of Fast Food Nation, explores the various tactics used by the industry in order to achieve global recognition, target children, and why it is more productive to reach children than to target other age groups. One method used to achieve global recognition was to apply the concept of synergy. Synergy can be defined as the cooperation between two or more organizations to produce results greater than the sum of their separate effects. In simplistic terms, two or more companies combine forces in order to benefit themselves more than they could have done individually. Two companies who have effectively utilized this concept are the Walt Disney company and the McDonald corporation. They were able to propose marketing deals, provide giveaways, and swap executives amongst their companies. The cross promotion strengthened ties between Hollywood and the fast food industry, allowing the McDonald corporation to gain global recognition. Studies show that children have an easier time identifying characters such as Ronald McDonald than major political figures such as the president of the United States. Half of Australian nine and ten year olds thought that Ronald McDonald was an authority on what they should eat. In Beijing, all of the primary school children recognized Ronald McDonald, saying that he ‘understood their hearts’. Germany has more than one thousand McDonalds, many popping up inside of Wal-Marts, because they know lots of children get lugged to Wal-Mart every day. (Schlosser 231). The McDonald corporation had accomplished its goals to reach ‘global realization’, and this achievement paved the way to pursue early targeting. Children became the target group within advertisement, â€Å"the decade of the child consumer† (Schlosser 43). In order to exploit children effectively, focus groups were created solely for the purpose of finding effecting means of targeting ads towards children and collecting demographic information. â€Å"89% requested personal information from kids† through the internet and most children supplied it without parental consent (Schlosser 45). Soon, products such as Coca- Cola and Dr. Pepper were marketed to schools and fast food advertisements were littered throughout the education system. Advertisements were placed on school buses, in school newspapers, written on stadium banners, and announcements were made over the stadium’s public-address system during games (Schlosser 51). Children were not only faced with these ads during their time period at school, but at home too. The media played a huge role in promoting fast food. Television commercials, the internet, and the radio were employed to â€Å"get kids to nag their parents and nag them well† (Schlosser 43). The adults set out to prey on children’s immaturity and to â€Å"exploit their present- mindedness† (Schlosser 46). Unsurprisingly, fast food companies became recognizable household trademarks. Ronald McDonald, Mickey Mouse, and McDonald’s renowned golden arches are a few of the most identifiable symbols today. Companies believed that by propagandizing children at an early age, they would influence the children to remain loyal customers to their company. This leads to ask why marketing to children is the most worthwhile tactic. Foremost, children are impressionable. According to Consumer Reports magazine, young children have difficulty distinguishing between advertising and reality in ads, and ads can distort their view of the world. â€Å"Children are still establishing their tastes and habits†, making them ideal customers because they have many years of purchasing ahead of them (Schlosser 54). â€Å"America’s fast food culture has become indistinguishable from the popular culture of its children† (Schlosser 48). The coalition of the fast food and entertainment industry allowed fast food companies to market toys based on current trends in entertainment. â€Å"The key to attracting kids is toys, toys, toys† (Schlosser 47). In return, the entertainment industry promoted their current trend. Children’s identities should not be defined by their consumer habits. Yet, that is the main way their are portrayed in the media– as consumers. Children were also described as â€Å"surrogate salesmen† (Schlosser 43). Schlosser explains that children need to persuade others in order to get what they want which again, gets kids to â€Å"nag their parents and nag them well† (Schlosser 43). As an incentive to get children to want to eat at their restaurants, the McDonald corporation created playlands in their establishments based off of Disney’s theme park, Disneyworld. â€Å"Playlands bring in children, who bring in parents, who bring in money† (Schlosser 47). Since children need to be accompanied in order for them to get what they want, more customers, such as parents and siblings of the child, are brought into the company as well, thereby benefiting the company. Schlosser argues that the fast food industry’s marketing tactics aim to achieve global recognition, victimize children, and explains the importance behind targeting children. He portrays children as naive individuals who are drawn into fast food through the fast food industry’s strategic efforts, and in most cases, they are. Children are bribed with playplaces, toys, cartoons, movies, and videos, and are reached through contests, sweepstakes, games, clubs, and the media. Schlosser questions the ethic and moral values of the advertisers in the fast food industry for feeding off of the children’s naivety. However, children, susceptible to the world of advertisement around them, continuously fall prey to the marketing industry.

Interagency disaster management Essay

Introduction The term â€Å"disaster† has only transient significance. It is a set off, a flag to signal a meaning, a spur to produce a specific reaction. Yet it has almost no significance for the activities that are carried out under the marque of a disastrous event. Disasters do not cause effects. The effects are what we call a disaster (Dombrowsky 1998, 21). No disaster â€Å"works† and an earthquake is not anything more than shock waves, never a fist that hits a city. The term that â€Å"a disaster strikes† is as wrong as saying â€Å"the winds blow,† as there is no separate process that swells the cheeks to rage. Wind is air in explicit motion, not a separate being that makes the air move. In a definite way, it is the same with disasters: there is no difference between a disaster and its effects. And to cope with disaster, Disaster Management came into existence. Crozier and Friedberg characterize a Disaster Management organization as a â€Å"merger of human beings with the aim to solve their vital problems† (1979:12). The capabilities of the organization for problem-solving, however, develop step by step from those solutions that have been successful in the first place. Read more:  Sharing Responsibility During Disaster Disaster Management, as Crozier and Friedberg put it, and then lean to organize themselves around their success. In the long run, the successful solutions particularly have to be defended against competitors and envy. Thus, the operation of organizations leans to turn into a hedgehog position. Progressively, the operation of the organization is transferred into the centre of the efforts of its members. at that time, an organization has turned to selfishness. Its only interests are self-preservation; the organization is controlling itself, with the original reason for its establishment being turned into a subordinate, accessory matter. Simultaneously, the discernment of reality changes from a creative, problem-oriented awareness, toward a cynical, solution-oriented persistence. Instead of scanning for upcoming problems, the self-preserving organization describes reality within the framework of its available resolutions. The interest is less in focusing on potential solutions for upcoming problems, but more on the applicability of the available solutions. This shift is significant because it marks a difference in the ways of perceiving the world. The primary way is analyzing the problem in favour of finding a passable solution. Thus, basic aim of interagency disaster management is not to focus on the fundamental problems of the victims, but on the solutions they have at hand or can offer. Reality then is completely seen from one approach; the solution defines the problem, and deductively, reality. â€Å"Disaster management † are mainly defined this way. The cases where warm clothing was sent to African famines or thousands of tons of contraceptives or cough mixtures were sent to mass victim situations are not only mistakes, but the rational outcome of the inner dynamics of self-preserving organizations. The concept is characteristically used in disaster medicine and in emergency planning for nuclear accidents. Also directly influenced by practice are those conceptualizations of disaster that are built along the distinctive planning and action systems of emergency management. Successful community-based and participatory approaches to disaster management often distinguish local human capacity as well as susceptibility. Empowering those most pretentious by disaster through a role in management, planning and response can have psychosocial and practical gains. People exposed to disaster might have come close to death, which might shake their belief in themselves and their principles to the foundations. Life might be perceived as chaos, diminishing their ability to respond adequately to the new situation, manage their lives and meet basic needs. Rebuilding the foundation will form meaning from chaos, and much of the foundation in life is build on human relations.

How a leader should react in certain situations Term Paper

How a leader should react in certain situations - Term Paper Example That is where effective leadership enters. The leaders tend to lead more efficiently and effectively if they were provided with a path of passion with regard to their work. This path of passion can be their true goals in life which would make the leader more determined towards achieving their task. In my life I have gone through many instances in which I have to effectively lead a certain team to success. To effectively lead a team I have been through many problems but I had to overcome them to lead my team to success (Cameron & Green, 2008). 8 In managing the team of my company I had to gain confidence of my team firstly so that they could view my goals and perspectives the way I wanted them to. To gain confidence I took advice of all my team members so that I could put in their views and set up the goals to prosper my company. Moreover, I set up my own values and was influenced by many other leaders like my boss who took my company to the position on which it is now. The pressures which came during this leadership process were effectively handled by me and my peers. Thus all this helped me to reduce the pressure being inflicted on me and my leadership went smooth. 8 Recommendations 8 Leadership is able to learn by anybody with the fundamentals. However a terrible group of leadership cannot be trained for the reason that leadership is a learner skill. About 80% of their expertise on the job Leaders can learn. They get experience from observing other leaders and try to follow their behavior and activities. They select paradigm and try to find out advisers. They inquire other leaders on the subject of how to control circumstances. Leaders can get better by receiving criticism and using it. The finest leaders look for criticism from their superior, their examiner and their sub standards. Then they adjust their behavior with the intention that they achieve improved consequences. Leaders can also get knowledge by struggling stuff out and then analyzing their recita l. The barely crash they know is the crash to learn from practice. Effective leaders can have power over their own progress. They search for preparation occasions that will create dissimilarity in their presentations (Popper, 2005). Effective leaders can also look for guidance plans that will help them grow particular talents that they can employ on the work. And then when they go back to job, they apply precise, purposeful endeavor in real life what they erudite in the preparation classes. 9 Conclusion It is not necessary to born as a leader, though every person born with exclusive powers that facilitates him in leadership jobs - they are among us, and with nearly all people, they live inside. The concept that leaders are born, and other as a result can never be leader, is irrational, miserable and seriously restraining to every person in the world. The thought recommends that the time when babies are born they have the heredity to become a leader, or they do not. This case prospec tively all right if the meaning of leadership, and leaders, had been stable for the past 60 years, but it is not. Certainly, more has been exposed about leadership and human activities in the last 30 years. Leadership is a talent and a behavior. Approximating the majority talents and behaviors, those get better with observing; turn out to be extra talented the habit conquests. Unworried regarding the

Finite Element Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Finite Element Analysis - Essay Example This is a comprehensive finite element study on an infinite plane in finding the stress concentration factor point A of the plane to obtain the longitudinal stress profile from the points adjacent to the hole. The study is also focused on giving the stress value in the point A of the plane. In doing the exercise, the convergence study of the element will be achieved. The method of analysis in this particular study is by ANSYS program. However, the method is compared to the Saint-Venant principle to create more clarity and credibility. Introduction FEA comprises of a computer representation of a design/material, which is stressed and examined for particular results. Finite element analysis is used in new product design, and accessible product elegance. A company is able to authenticate a recommended plans will be able to execute to the customer’s provisions prior to manufacture/ assembly. Modifying an existing product or structure is utilized to qualify the product or structure for a new service condition. In case of structural failure, FEA may be used to help determine the design modifications to meet the new condition. The complete logical explanation for the state of stress caused by a hole in a plate is essentially and relatively complex. Since the study is focused on providing the actual stress on the finite element, the relation of the Saint-Venant principle and the study is directly useful in the comparison of the used model in the study. The principle states that the strain in the bodies at points that are sufficiently remote from the points of the applied load depends on the static resultant of the loads and not the distribution of the load. This comes to the realisation that the stress produced is a resultant of the point loads. The stress concentration is an increase in the stress along the cross section area that can be discontinued in this case by a hole in the plate. For instant, the distribution of the stress if there was no hole in the pla te will be non-uniform in the strain as the strain grows linear further away. In this study, the use of a quarter of the shape is used due to symmetry reasons. In this case, the solution is an analytical since the plate is infinite and large with a hole. Results from the simulation done will be compared with the solutions. Increasing the mesh density is useful to determine the closest solution to the problem. This is in line with making sure one knows the point of mesh refinement has reached. In this problem, the mesh density was increased by doubling the element from 12, towards 192 elements for each percentage error calculations. Objective The paper is focused using engineering method in providing a definite stress analysis on the longitudinal points of A and B using nodally average values obtained from the calculations. The main aim is to determine the stress concentration factor in the point A of the plate and the longitudinal stress in between points A and B. In the end of the study, one will be able to conduct a stress analysis with ANSYS without any difficulty as the procedures are stipulated in every step of the calculations. The results of the project will give the deflection, percentage error and the stress on the plate. The use of a quarter of the shape is utilized to produce the calculations of one part that will provide the merit to calculate the whole value of the plane.

Recruitment of Children as Soldiers in Sub-Saharan Africa Research Paper

Recruitment of Children as Soldiers in Sub-Saharan Africa - Research Paper Example African continent experienced frequent civil conflicts especially in the sub-Saharan region such as Rwanda, Liberia, DRC and Burundi, just to mention but a few. In this war torn region, the harrowing development is that children are used as sex slaves. One of the groups in Africa that recruit minors as soldiers are the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) govern by Joseph Kony. For more than two decades, this rebel group has fought the government of Uganda and has recruited minors in this war. Their leader, Joseph, has over the period replenished his war force by abducting young people to recruit. This has been his primary means of maintaining his small army group over the years because the local community has shown little or no support. The minors abducted are then taken to southern Sudan to receive harsh-seasoned training. Cases of body mutilation using machetes were reported where the LRA undertook forceful recruitment. This was common whenever the victims developed resistance. It is, therefore, important to note that the victims are recruited by means of coercion such as forced recruitment and compulsory conscription.The latter may involve identifying the victims using their date of birth.In cases where abduction was employed such as Ethiopia, the rebel groups used to besiege a public place such as marketplaces and select the victims using eligibility criteria. . In cases where the victim demonstrated resistance, the rebels would apply brutish techniques aimed at weakening and subduing them.

The Main Problems Of Fast Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Main Problems Of Fast Food - Essay Example Fast food restaurants have become a factor that makes families spend less time together since mealtime is the only time a family has for all its members to come together for sharing experiences. With fast food restaurants, the family time has been eaten away, and especially for the youngsters who prefer fast food restaurant because of it a place where they hang out with their fellow peers. Even though I see fast food restaurants as an intervention of current generation in the way ready-made food is served in a faster way, it is a big concern the way these foods have high amounts of salts and fats hence have adverse effects on our health. It is important, therefore, to make good choices during the process of ordering food in a restaurant while being active in our daily lifestyle in order to minimize adverse effects of fast foods. Preventing overweight usually involves balancing of energy while addressing factors that greatly affect eating and the physical activity (Boyle, Long and Rot h 328). A hard-working professional who is working in a city will definitely prefer readymade food due to various reasons, and with the benefits and setbacks that come with fast foods, many of them have centered their interests on the positive effects of eating fast foods. Many people who often find no time to prepare food at home opt to take fast food because it takes few minutes to be ready. Nevertheless, besides all the advantages that come with fast foods, they also come with setbacks hence they are not an exception.

Film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Film analysis - Essay Example The film is the story of Mildred Pierce, a woman of humble roots who is married to Bert and has two daughters – Veda and Kay. Her husband is a successful real estate entrepreneur with his partner Wally, but ultimately loses his job, so Mildred begins to bake pies and sell them to make money to provide nice things for her daughters. The older daughter Veda is a spoilt brat but Mildred loves her and is determined to provide nice things for her. When her husband disagrees with her and refuses to let her spend money on pampering Veda and spoiling her, Mildred leaves him and is determined to get a job. After a great deal of struggle, she lands a job as a waitress and learns the nuts and bolts of the restaurant business, so that she can pay for Veda’s piano lessons and other vanities. She enters into an agreement with a man named Monty who is from a higher class to buy his house in order to satisfy her daughter’s craving to live a rich lifestyle. She even makes him a p artner in her restaurant business. Everything she does is for her daughter Veda. But as the girl grows up, she turns out to be a spoilt brat who expresses her contempt for her mother’s humble roots and is completely ungrateful for all the sacrifices her mother has made on her behalf. Finally, she even wants to run away with Monty and kills him when he refuses to run away with her. Champoux (1999:206), points out that â€Å"film enhances the learning process in ways unavailable in other media.† The film Mildred Pierce provides several positive images of women however the ultimate objective in the film is to illustrate the destructive effects of such liberation. In this aspect therefore, the film is one that falls into the classic film noir category. Orr (1997) considers two basic approaches to genre theory and describes one that is applicable to the film Mildred Pierce. This approach holds that the genre of a film cannot be defined by its dominant

Diabetes and Evidence Based Nursing Research Paper

Diabetes and Evidence Based Nursing - Research Paper Example As the discussion highlights dozens of methods exist for keeping staff nurses informed. In order for a nurse to be competent in diabetes nursing in general practice, he/she should have the necessary knowledge and skills required. A competent nurse should be able to identify whether the patient has a blood history of diabetes that has not been controlled by the administration of oral drugs, and or, if the patient’s blood glucose levels were over 300 for the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test or with the random plasma glucose test . The nurse should measure blood glucose and determine how much insulin is required, administer insulin according to the results of the blood glucose test performed, help patients commencing insulin develop management techniques within guidelines and access secondary care specialist services when needed. The nurse should as well demonstrate clear knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetes. It is also important for the nurse to be able to monitor patie nt’s progress and management of their condition, appropriately help patients achieve self management of their diabetes condition, make proper clinical referrals within the practice, have enough and appropriate material for patient education, initiate discussion to provide necessary advice to the patient when required to, provide psychological support to patients and their families, have an organized objective approach for the diagnosis of diabetes according to protocols, use results of the diagnosis for the treatment and incorporating patient preferences in the process.

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy - Assignment Example This therefore requires using the senses and consistent with the rationalist thought. To illustrate a posteoriori thinking, we can cite ourselves as an example by either touching ourselves or seeing ourselves in the mirror to validate that we indeed exist and has physical presence. In sum, posteoriori is an acquired knowledge and contingent truth. b. A priori - A priori can be likened to an acquired knowledge and necessary truths. These are knowledge that is independent of the observation of our sensory perceptions to validate its truth. These are truths and knowledge that does not validation of the physical world to justify. For example, we can use the statement that â€Å"Sarah is a mother† because it would imply that by using a distinctly feminine name, we will realize that it is only women who could be mother. It does not need any justification in the outside world nor further investigation because we just know that it is only women who can give birth or become a mother because it is only them who has the physical facility to bear a child and it follows that men cannot bear child because their body will not allow it. There are however exemptions to the priori mode of thinking such as Anselm’s ontological premise in arguing in the premise of the existence of God. His argument purports to a priori proof of God’s existence which is independent of any proof or observation. He argued that because God is God, His existence does not need to be validated by experience to justify that He exists. He concludes that because there is nothing that exists to be greater than God, then it is unimaginable to think that there is no God. c. Innate ideas – is also known as Descartes Theory of Ideas. These are ideas that are inherent in man or natural attribute of thought. Albeit this theory of knowledge was not expounded extensively in a treatise such as other works, innate ideas was mentioned in a letter to Guillaume

How do Senor Flores, Senora Flores and Dr. Jean View this Situation Essay

How do Senor Flores, Senora Flores and Dr. Jean View this Situation from Totally Different Perspectives - Essay Example He also does not want to listen to the advice of Dr. Jean. The Latino’s belief in machismo makes Senor Flores feel offended if he listens to Dr. Jean’s advice. He thinks that his male ego is insulted. The perspective of Senora Flores on Alejandro’s situation is very fatalistic, or what the Latino’s term as fatalism. She feels that she is being punished by God that is why Alejandro is sick. She is suffering from inferiority complex and feels that she is being discriminated at the hospital for being a Latino and not speaking much. She is afraid that Alejandro will be discriminated too in school because he is sickly. Senora Flores feels overburdened by the responsibility of taking care of Alejandro. But at the same time, she believes that her mother should help her take care of Alejandro. She respects her mother, so much so that when she suggested that Alejandro is taken to an espiritista, she blindly followed her although she probably disagrees with her. Dr. Jean’s perspective of Alejandro’s situation is exactly the opposite of the views of the Flores family. She does not totally understand the Latino culture and beliefs; thus, resulting in misunderstandings with them. The first conflict is with regards to time. She dislikes the Flores’ disregard of time. She also feels that just because she is a woman, Senor Flores does not like to listen to her advice. She does not understand why the Flores’ had to consult an espiritista instead of just following her medical advice and give him his medicines. Dr. Jean is an example of a doctor who is quite detached to the family of her patient. She does not realize that it is important for a Latino family that they see some simpatia from their medical provider. Senora Flores chose to consult an espiritista when Alejandro was not getting better probably through the prodding of her mother.

Leadership in the African American Community Essay Example for Free

Leadership in the African American Community Essay African American community had many problems, such as freedom, economic, education, transportation, being unemployment, lack of self defense; lack of power and †¦ therefore different leaderships and organizations were established to help African American. African American wanted to be free because they were USA citizen and they did not like someone call them nigger or free of slave. They wanted to have freedom of speech, vote,, human rights, self defense, they wanted to be free to go to school and be educated, and they did not like people look at them down because of their color. Black people were the last one got hire and the first one got fire when they applied for job. They had very bad situation because they could not find a job easily. That’s why most of them become unemployment and the rest who had job their salary were low. Black people had problem with transportation because most of them did not had a car so it was hard for them to apply for job. Black people wanted to go to school like white people, they wanted to show them they are smart and they can be educated too. They wanted to be educated so they can learn all the law and learn how to talk and have self defense when someone attack to them. Black people were lack of power because of their skin color. White people could be president or having good positions, and they treat Black people as slaves. Black people had to work in white people’s farms like a slaves, and always respect them and say, ‘‘YES SIR’’. Therefore different leadership and organization stand up to defend them in from of all of these problems for example Martin Luther King in her speech said he has a dream and talks about freedom and how Black and white should be equal, he said Black people should vote, and should be free and go to school. Ella baker also helped Martin Luther King in different way, she established different organization, and she moved to different states and having different conference with different people. There are other leadership and organization which help them out which I am going to talk about it later. Work cited Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement. The University of North Carolina. Press, in Chapel Hill and London 2003. The Video: FUNDI http://moodle. wolfware. ncsu. edu/file. php/33965/FUNDI. m4v Hodak, George. Martin Luther King Assassinated. ABA Journal 97. 4 (2011): 72. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Brooks, Gwendolyn. Martin Luther King Jr. Storyworks 17. 4 (2010): 3. Primary Search. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Haskins, Jim. Martin Luther King, Jr. Cobblestone 31. 1 (2010): 28. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. (Cover Story). Scholastic Action 27. 7 (2004): 4. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Tutashinda, K. , and D. C. The Grassroots Political Philosophy Of Ella Baker: Oakland, California Applicability. Journal Of Pan African Studies 3. 9 (2010): 25-42. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Baraka, Amiri. Black Theater Movement The Black Consciousness Movement. Kola 24. 1 (2012): 104-119. Literary Reference Center Plus. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Stafford, Tim. The First Black Liberation Movement. Christianity Today 44. 8 (2000): 42. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Taylor, Gardner. Black Freedom Fighters. Christian Century 112. 24 (1995): 777. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013.